Rho/Rac proteins constitute a subgroup of the Ras superfamily of GTP hydrolases. Although originally implicated in the control of cytoskeletal events, it is currently known that these GTPases coordinate diverse cellular functions, including cell polarity, vesicular trafficking, the cell cycle and transcriptomal dynamics. In this review, we will provide an overview on the recent advances in this field regarding the mechanism of regulation and signaling, and the roles in vivo of this important GTPase family. BioEssays 29:356–370, 2007. © 2007 Wiley (...) Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Na linha do recente debate sobre a cidadania surgem novamente algumas questões fundamentais que se nos colocam a propósito do conflito entre liberdade e igualdade. O presente artigo pretende reflectir sobre os problemas de igualdade económica, social e política e as exigências de justiça e de liberdade que os acompanham, tomando como centro as capacidades e as necessidades de cada um. Nesse sentido, a autora recorre sobretudo às aportações de Martha C. Nussbaum e de Iris M. Young. /// Following the (...) thread of the recent debate on citizenship, there are some some fundamental questions that emerge regarding the conflict between liberty and equality. This paper constitutes a reflection about the problems of social, political and economic equality and the demands of justice and liberty that they involve. The analysis is centered on the capabilities and the needs of each person. In order to do this, the author refers in particular the conceptions developed by Martha C. Nussbaum and Iris M. Young. (shrink)

This study described the relationships between academic class and student moral sensitivity and reasoning and between curriculum design components for ethics education and student moral sensitivity and reasoning. The data were collected from freshman (n = 506) and senior students (n = 440) in eight baccalaureate nursing programs in South Korea by survey; the survey consisted of the Korean Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Korean Defining Issues Test. The results showed that moral sensitivity scores in patient-oriented care and conflict were (...) higher in senior students than in freshman students. Furthermore, more hours of ethics content were associated with higher principled thinking scores of senior students. Nursing education in South Korea may have an impact on developing student moral sensitivity. Planned ethics content in nursing curricula is necessary to improve moral sensitivity and moral reasoning of students. (shrink)

Metastasis is one of the clinical parameters that has a strong negative influence on the prognosis of cancer patients. In recent years, significant advances have furthered our understanding of this process at the molecular and biological levels. This paper will discuss recent discoveries relating to the earliest, intra‐tumoral stages of metastasis in cancer cells, specifically focusing on: (i) the development of metastatic traits during primary tumorigenesis; (ii) intrinsic and extrinsic cancer cell programs associated with malignant traits; (iii) the intra‐tumoral migration (...) patterns of cancer cells and the dynamic roles played by the Rho/Rac GTPases and epithelial‐mesenchymal transitions in this process; and (iv) the genetic strategies used by metastatic cancer cells to promote intra‐tumoral cell migration and their subsequent escape to peripheral tissues. Finally, the therapeutic and diagnostic relevance of this information will be discussed, as well as potential future developments. (shrink)

Experiments with cell lines have unveiled the implication of the Rho/Rac family of GTPases in cytoskeletal organization, mitogenesis, and cell migration. However, there have not been adequate animal models to investigate the role of these proteins in more physiological settings. This scenario has changed recently in the case of the T‐cell lineage after the generation of animal models for Rho/Rac family members, their regulators, and effectors. These studies have revealed the implication of these GTPases on multiple regulatory layers of T‐cells, (...) including the coordination of cytoskeletal change, activation of kinase cascades, stimulation of calcium fluxes, and the induction of gene expression. These pathways affect the transition of different T‐cell maturation stages, the positive/negative selection of thymocytes, T‐cell responses to antigens, and the homeostasis of peripheral T‐lymphocytes. Moreover, these animals have revealed interesting cross‐talks between Rho/Rac pathways and other signal transduction routes that participate in lymphocyte responses. BioEssays 24:602–612, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

This paper analyses the suitability of Effective Altruism as an ethical frame for the practices of Education for Global Citizenship in the University. According to Effective Altruism, altruistic and solidary practices should be based not only on emotional decisions, but also on a rational analysis to achieve the greatest possible impact for the benefit of third parties. Simultaneously, Universities promote Education for Global Citizenship that includes the development of competencies for the application of ethical principles focused on the improvement of (...) the world as defined in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. But the breadth of development problems demands decision criteria to select those causes that can have a greater and better impact. Therefore, Effective Altruism enumerates a reasoned repertoire of decision criteria that could facilitate the application of ethical principles among university global citizenship. (shrink)

El texto aborda uno de los temas de la violencia contemporánea, la violencia política de las mujeres. A partir de los problemas para nombrar la violencia y de los análisis de A. Cavarero sobre el «horrorismo», se centra en dos casos: la muerte de Yoyes y las mujeres bombas suicidas chechenas, mostrando las construcciones sociales y culturales de sexo/género, sus mitos y estereotipos, en cuanto constituyen una de las raíces más profundas y persistentes de la violencia. En definitiva, de lo (...) que se trata es de reflexionar y comprender la vulnerabilidad de la condición humana. (shrink)

El punto de partida de este artículo es que tanto el trabajo de J. Rawls La teoría de la Justicia, como la Teoría Feminista han contribuido enormemente al resurgimiento de la Filosofía Moral y Política. Mi objetivo aquí es mostrar las relaciones existentes entre la Teoría de Rawls y la Teoría Feminista, y particularmente analizar las críticas feministas de "justice as fairness" en el contexto de un estudio más general sobre Teorías contemporáneas de la Justicia y sobre la relación de (...) la Justicia en Teorías Feministas. (shrink)

Ibn al-ʻArabī, 1165-1240; views on freedom; Sufism; Islamic philosophy.

Contrary to Vaesen's argument that humans are unique with respect to nine cognitive capacities essential for tool use, we suggest that although such cognitive processes contribute to variation in tool use, it does not follow that these capacities arenecessaryfor tool use, nor that tool use shaped cognition per se, given the available data in cognitive neuroscience and behavioral biology.

En este artículo se aborda la cuestión de la ciudadanía y el cosmopolitismo. En primerlugar se señala la necesidad de una lectura de género de la ciudadanía a nivel nacional einternacional. En segundo lugar, se ocupa de la revisión del legado clásico del cosmopolitismoy la propuesta de feminismo internacional de Martha C. Nussbaum. Se concluye quela idea de una ciudadanía nacional y transnacional que ofrecen las concepciones pluralistas,trternacionalistas y de ciudadanía globnl se articula meJor con las demandas de e iudadaníade (...) las mujeres. (shrink)

Recensión de Amorós, Celia, Tiempo de feminismo. Sobre feminismo, proyecto ilustrado y pos/modernidad, Ediciones Cátedra, col. Feminismos, Madrid, 1997, pp. 463.

In recent literature, panpsychism has been defended by appeal to two main arguments: first, an argument from philosophy of mind, according to which panpsychism is the only view which successfully integrates consciousness into the physical world (Strawson 2006; Chalmers 2013); second, an argument from categorical properties, according to which panpsychism offers the only positive account of the categorical or intrinsic nature of physical reality (Seager 2006; Adams 2007; Alter and Nagasawa 2012). Historically, however, panpsychism has also been defended by appeal (...) to a third argument based on considerations about the nature and observability of causation. This argument has not been much discussed in recent times. Here is a concise version from William James: "… the concrete perceptual flux, taken just as it comes, offers in our own activity-situations perfectly comprehensible instances of causal agency … If we took these experiences as the type of what actual causation is, we should have to ascribe to cases of causation outside of our life, to physical cases also, an inwardly experiential nature. In other words, we should have to espouse a so-called “pan-psychic” philosophy" (James 1911: 218). James here suggests that we have direct experience of causation in our own agency. He thereby directly contradicts David Hume, who famously denied that we have any experience of causation. James goes on to claim that if this experience is representative of causation in general, it follows that all causation is mental, and that panpsychism is true. This kind of argument for panpsychism can be called the argument from (experience of) causation. This chapter offers, first, a history of this argument and arguments closely related to it, and second, an analysis of the argument – is it valid, are its premises in any way defensible, and how does it relate to the other, more popular arguments for panpsychism from philosophy of mind and categorical properties? (shrink)

En este artículo se plantea la pertinencia de hablar de una filosofía política post-rawlsiana. Con el fin de situar el contexto de la cuestión de lleva a cabo un chequeo limitado y tentativo de la filosofía política actual de habla inglesa y una relectura de la historia de la filosofía política de poguerra. Lo que se persigue es estimar críticamente el "antes" y el "después" de Rawls e identificar la especificidad y problemas del modo de hacer filosofía política propuesto por (...) los post-rawlsianos, por los epígonos de Rawls. Por último se sostiene la pertinencia de tina filosofía política post-rawlsiana en un sentido critico, pluralista que responda a los retos del presente. (shrink)