This book gathers international and interdisciplinary work on youth studies from the Global South, exploring issues such as continuity and change in youth transitions from education to work; contemporary debates on the impact of mobility, marginalization and violence on young lives; how digital technologies shape youth experiences; and how different institutions, cultures and structures generate a diversity of experiences of what it means to be young. The book is divided into four broad thematic sections: Education, work and social structure; Identity (...) and belonging; Place, mobilities and marginalization; and Power, social conflict and new forms of political participation of youth. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y reconstruir la postura de John Stuart Mill respecto del problema de la inducción. Mostraremos que Mill si bien conoció las objeciones de Hume, no se refiere a ellas en gran medida porque para él la justificación de la inducción es posible. La hipótesis principal será probada por medio de dos tesis: la primera, alude a la evasión de la argumentación circular respecto de la justificación de la inferencia inductiva; y la segunda, refiere (...) al tipo de inducciones que fundamentan el principio de regularidad: inducciones por enumeración simple. (shrink)

Whitehead, in two basic books, considers two different approaches to point-free geometry: the inclusion-based approach , whose primitive notions are regions and inclusion relation between regions, and the connection-based approach , where the connection relation is considered instead of the inclusion. We show that the latter cannot be reduced to the first one, although this can be done in the framework of multivalued logics.

Este resumo refere-se à resistência docente na educação na rede pública em Salvador. A partir da escrevivência – escrita a partir das experiências vividas –, constrói-se a narrativa deste trabalho. Os relatos presentes no texto referem-se a uma atuação docente entrelaçada com as vivências, não havendo, portanto, a separação entre o pessoal e a atividade política. Entende-se que as experiências possibilitam a formação do sujeito, por isso a construção do sujeito é vista como dialética, pois a razão dialética, como afirma (...) Sartre, constrói-se no mundo e através do mundo. O sujeito, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos alunos da educação básica na rede pública, constrói-se a partir das relações com o mundo. E, diante da diferença e da intolerância a essas diferenças, as crianças reivindicam o respeito as suas estéticas, bem como aos seus desejos. Diante dessas diferenças e de um padrão esperado pela sociedade, mas ao qual as crianças não se enquadram, elas veem-se como um ser inadaptado, com confusões mentais. Então, tomando a vivência como sumo da escrita, tais situações são relatadas no artigo a partir de cenas e fatos que possibilitam a reflexão quanto ao contexto escolar, principalmente no que diz respeito a gênero e raça. Toma-se como objetivo, portanto, na atuação como professora, problematizar tais questões em sala, obtendo a transformação educacional na primeira infância, através de discussões que abarquem a existência do preconceito na sociedade. Entende-se que a educação básica em rede pública deve ser contemplada com discussões embasadas e com profissionais qualificados, como doutoras/es, por exemplo, lecionando e resistindo nessas redes de ensino. Busca-se atuar na docência como um sujeito localizado crítico, conhecendo a realidade e a problematizando, a fim de criar, diante das intolerâncias, uma sociedade igualitária. Palavras-chave: Experiência. Educação infantil. Resistência. Relações de gênero. (shrink)

The interaction between rhetoric and preaching is evident in St. Augustine in his sermons ad populum or sermons to his congregation. He expresses himself with care with the aim of achieving true spiritual progress in his hearers. Their reactions encourage him to make an attentive use of the rhetoric resources his authoritative experience has given him, and to exploit any possible means of raise his level of discourse. Signs of agreement from his congregation indicate an ongoing relationship with them. At (...) any rate Augustine, in his preaching, is happy to make the best possible use of his rhetorical powers and leave the rest to God. The formation of a long-standing congregation requires him to go beyond customary limits so as to become a notable model of a Christian orator. (shrink)

Ministers of the Church, whose characters were well defined in the second half of the fourth century, were more and more identified as the perfect believers. In the texts of John Chrysostom several models of “spiritual man” emerge on the basis of his personal experience and the evolution of his works: the monk, the presbyter, and the bishop. One notes that the relation of the Church to secular institutions is of greater importance in the works of Chrysostom, paying as he (...) does particular attention to the autonomy of the Church. In an original way he refrains from criticizing political institutions, preferring to express a balanced view. He holds that a coexistence with political authorities is possible, and he urges a moral conver-gence with them. Ecclesial ministries find a more solid basis in the Chrysostom’s complex and sometimes pained statements, both in their ideal expressions and in their concrete effects on the society of the fourth century. (shrink)

Resumen En este trabajo se exponen veintiuna tesis sobre la asignación de recursos escasos en tiempos de pandemia o crisis sanitaria. El autor parte de la base de que nunca se justifica tratar a una persona como un mero medio. A partir de este principio fundamental, y de otras exigencias de justicia, procura determinar cuáles son los límites a las consideraciones, por lo demás legítimas, de eficiencia o de utilidad. Esto le permite discernir qué criterios de distribución son moral mente (...) aceptables y cuáles no lo son. -/- This work presents twenty one theses on the allocation of scarce resources in times ofpandemic or health crisis. The author assumes that treating a person as a mere means is never justified. On the basis of this fundamental principle, and other requirements of justice, he seeks to determine what are the limits to considerations, otherwise legitímate, of efficiency or utility. This allows him to discern which distribution criteria are morally acceptable and which are not. (shrink)

In the mystagogical catecheses of the fourth century, the term “faith” defines significantly the condition both of the catechumens and of the initiates at the end of their itinerary. The believer reaches the condition of “faithful” thanks to the support of the community, through an experience involving several ascetical aspects. For both eastern and western preachers, contact with the mystery during the liturgy leads to a particular expression of faith: through an existential break in the catechumen’s experience, baptism determines the (...) full adhesion of every believer to the profession of the faith of the community. (shrink)

El problema ético de la huelga de hambre ha dado cabida a soluciones contrapuestas, incluso en el contexto de teorías éticas que rechazan el suicidio. Algunos piensan que la sola honestidad del fin subjetivo basta para justificar la acción del huelguista. Otros, aunque son minoría, sostienen que la huelga de hambre es un acto reprobable per se, porque implica un atentado directo contra la vida o salud del sujeto. En este trabajo se defiende esta última interpretación. A juicio de los (...) autores, la huelga de hambre es un caso de suicidio intencional. Luego, nunca es lícito, bajo ningún aspecto, llevar adelante una acción de esta naturaleza. (shrink)

The interpretations of the Pauline expression spiritual body can be indicative to verify the relations between Origen and the Antiochene tradition. After shortly examining such a definition in works of both the contexts, this article summarizes the exterior characteristics of the spiritual body. Are respectively dealt with: its link to the earthly body, the transformation process that led to it. Noticeable analogies have emerged in the importance given to the physical sphere; Antiochene writers, particularly John Chrysostom, gibe however more importance (...) to moral differences between individual bodies, partly negating theories about a material replacement of particles and collocating the spiritual body in a more detached view, that the seed metaphor doesn't express yet completely. The culture after Origen is oriented to a generalized condemnation of chair, in a more static and not gradual view of the body conditions; but the basic role of Origenian thought about body consistence and transformations is evident. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the doctrine of voluntary omissions in Thomas Aquinas and one of his seventeenth-century commentators, John of St. Tomas. It is argued that both authors made relevant contributions to the philosophical understanding of omissions, which can enrich the current debate on the subject. The paper begins by explaining some problems raised in contemporary philosophy while showing how those same problems were previously discussed in scholastic philosophy. Subsequently, it discusses in detail the contributions of (...) Aquinas and John of St. Thomas. (shrink)

The emerging field of lipidomics has identified lipids as key players in disease physiology. Their physicochemical diversity allows precise control of cell structure and signaling events through modulation of membrane properties and trafficking of proteins. As such, lipids are important regulators of brain function and have been implicated in neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Importantly, environmental chronic stress has been associated with anxiety and depression and its exposure in rodents has been extensively used as a model to study these diseases. With (...) the accessibility to modern mass‐spectrometry lipidomic platforms, it is now possible to snapshot the extensively interconnected lipid network. Here, we review the fundamentals of lipid biology and outline a framework for the interpretation of lipidomic studies as a new approach to study brain pathophysiology. Thus, lipid profiling provides an exciting avenue for the identification of disease signatures with important implications for diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders. (shrink)

RESUMO O propósito deste artigo é aproximar o significado do pensar calculador de Heidegger e a teoria sobre a sociedade do risco de Beck, considerando suas interpelações com o significado da técnica na modernidade. Porém, mais que tratar das aproximações entre ambos os pensadores, este estudo pretende também demonstrar a importância da filosofia da técnica de Heidegger para pensar o sentido do cálculo do risco e do risco do cálculo na sociedade do risco. Assim, argumenta-se que a teoria do risco (...) de Beck confirma e atualiza o pensamento de Heidegger sobre a técnica moderna, quando se observa que o pensar calculador, que dirige e controla o modo de ser na era do técnico, manifesta-se hoje com toda claridade na sociedade do risco global. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to bring the meaning of Heidegger’s calculative thinking and Beck’s risk society theory closer, as well as their interpellations with the meaning of technique in modernity. Nevertheless, more than dealing with the convergences between both thinkers, this study also intends to demonstrate the importance of Heidegger’s technique philosophy in order to investigate the meaning of risk calculation and of calculation risk in risk society. Therefore, it argues that Beck’s risk theory confirms and updates Heidegger’s thinking on modern technique, as one observes that calculative thinking, which directs and controls the way of being in the age of technicality, clearly manifests itself nowadays, in the global risk society. (shrink)

Theory of Mind (ToM) is one of the most relevant concepts in the field of social cognition, particularly in the case of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Literature showing that individuals with ASD display deficits in ToM is extensive and robust. However, some related issues deserve more research: the heterogeneous profile of ToM abilities in children with ASD and the association between different levels of ToM development and social, pragmatic, and adaptive behaviors in everyday life. The first objective of this study (...) was to identify profiles of children with ASD without intellectual disability (ID), based on explicit and applied ToM knowledge, and compare these profiles with a group of children with typical development (TD). A second objective was to determine differences in symptom severity, adaptive/social behavior, and pragmatic abilities between the profiles identified. Fifty-two children with a clinical diagnosis of ASD without ID and 37 children with TD performed neuropsychological ToM tasks and two vocabulary and memory tests. In addition, all of their mothers completed different questionnaires about applied ToM abilities, severity of ASD symptoms, adaptive/social skills, and pragmatic competence. Two subgroups were identified in the cluster analysis carried out with explicit and applied ToM indicators. The “Lower ToM abilities” profile obtained significantly lower scores than the “Higher ToM abilities” profile on all the ToM measures. Furthermore, the analysis of covariance, controlling for vocabulary and working memory (ANCOVAs), showed statistically significant differences in applied ToM abilities between the two groups of children with ASD without ID and the group with TD. However, only the group with “Higher ToM abilities” achieved similar performance to the TD group on the verbal task of explicit ToM knowledge. Finally, the “Lower ToM abilities” cluster obtained significantly higher scores on autism symptoms (social and communication domains) and lower scores on adaptive behavior and pragmatic skills than the cluster with “Higher ToM abilities”. Taken together, these findings have implications for understanding the heterogeneity in ToM skills in children with ASD without ID, and their differential impact on social, communicative, and adaptive behaviors. (shrink)

In this work we want tosustain two intimately related thesis. The first one sustains that the theory ofthe relativity of Einstein doesn’t refute Newton’s notion of absolute time. Thesecond one sustain that the Newtonian mechanics and the theory of the rela-tivity are not rival theories, but rather e..