Edmund Husserl's Transcendental Phenomenology: Overcoming the Negative Thinking

Žmogus ir Žodis 10:39-48 (2008)
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Abstract

Straipsnis skirtas fenomenologinei moderniojo mąstymo kritikai. Problematika suskirstyta į tris analizes. Pirmojoje pristatoma kartezinės dvejonės kritika. Joje sužinome, jog Descartes’o universali dvejonė yra universalus neigimas, kurio tikslas – metafizinės cogitatio instancijos įsteigimas. Kituose dviejuose skyriuose analizuojami modernaus gamtos mokslo ir fundamentinės ontologijos ribose išplėtoto egzistencializmo autoritetai. Trys kritikos siekia parodyti, jog kartezinė, gamtamokslinė ir egzistencialistinė tiesos instancijos dalijasi savo autoritetu su kitomis žinojimo struktūromis. Ketvirtajame skyriuje Husserlio suvokimo fenomenologija apibrėžiama kaip metodologija ir kaip poststrukturalistinė filosofija. Pastaruoju požiūriu sąmonė apibrėžiama per transcendentalinio galimybių lauko suvokimą, kuris paskatina suvokimo fenomenologiją pozicionuoti anapus moderniosios epistemos principų bei paralelizuoti ją alternatyviems, modernųjį struktūralizmą peržengiantiems žinojimams. Esminiai žodžiai: Husserlis, fenomenologija, karteziška abejonė, transcendentalinis laukas.The purpose of the article is phenomenological criticism of the modern thinking. The problems are presented in three analyses. The first one presents criticism of Cartesian doubt. Here we find out that the Descartes’ universal doubt in fact is universal negation, with the purpose to establish metaphysical instance of cogitatio. The other two chapters analyse authorities of existentialism as developed within boundaries of modern natural science and fundamental ontology. The three criticisms aim to show that instances of truth of Descartes, the natural science and existentialism share their authority with other structures of knowledge. In chapter four, the Husserl’s perceptual phenomenology is defined both as methodology and as post-structuralist philosophy. In the latter case, consciousness is defined through perception of transcendental field of possibilities , which incites positioning the perceptual phenomenology beyond the principles of the modern episteme and parallelising it for alternative knowledges transcending the modern structuralism.Key words: Husserl, phenomenology, Cartesian doubt, transcendental field

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