The author discusses Roberto Esposito's "Pensiero vivente. Origine e attualità della filosofia italiana" , where a rethinking of the Italian philosophical tradition is proposed in the light of recent currents in biopolitics, a rethinking centered on the resistance opposed by «life» to the repeated attempts to rationalize and historicize it . The author believes that it would be wrong to consider that interpretation - al- though founded and charming - as the sole or dominant as compared to at least two (...) other possible connotations of Italian thought: the constant search for the relationship between history and philosophy and its civil-ethical dimension. (shrink)

The following article presents a reconstruction of "weak thought" against the background of Italian philosophy after the Second World War and specifically in relation to the philosophical schools that were active and influential in Turin. At that time, Gianni Vattimo belonged to a tradition that was influenced by the religious consequences of existential philosophy (above all the thought of Luigi Pareyson): a tradition that links Vattimo with Martin Heidegger and Friedrich Nietzsche. All these elements - highly generic in character as (...) they often were - came together to produce the notion of "weak thought," which soon came to be seen as a response to the positivist and anti-religious philosophies of the period (e.g. the neo-Enlightenment movement that was represented by Nicola Abbagnano, Norberto Bobbio, Ludovico Geymonat). Vattimo challenged these traditions not through recourse to a set of theoretical principles, but through a different style of thinking altogether, and this is the true (and ambiguous) strength of weak thought. (shrink)

Effective vaccines for COVID‐19 are already available to humankind. In Peru, 86 million doses were administered to cover the demand for 33 million Peruvian people. Hence, vaccination has been prioritized in groups: health personnel, subjects with pre‐existing health conditions and those over 65 years of age. However, given the social problems and the public health situation in Peru, this work defends that the priority of vaccination should be focused on the population living in extreme poverty. The method used was an (...) ethical argumentation on the distribution of scarce antiSARS‐CoV2 vaccine in Peru. This argument is based on the analysis of the Peruvian population living in extreme poverty, which presents different layers of vulnerability, and that, in the face of an eventual SARS‐CoV2 infection, these would be exacerbated one after the other, through a cascade effect. This scenario would give rise to new vulnerabilities to those already existing, causing greater damage. Vaccination efforts on this key population would give them the opportunity to continue to find ways to bring food to their homes, significantly reducing the risk of contagion in their environment and mitigating the devastating effect of the local diseases to which they are already exposed. Four objections related to this argument are raised with their corresponding responses. Priority access to the vaccine would significantly reduce the humanitarian harm to people living in extreme poverty, prevailing the principles of justice and equity. (shrink)

La humanidad ya dispone de vacunas eficaces contra el COVID‐19. En Perú se administraron 86 millones de dosis para cubrir la demanda de 33 millones de peruanos. Para ello, se ha priorizado la vacunación en grupos clave: personal de salud, sujetos con condiciones de salud preexistentes y mayores de 65 años. Sin embargo, dada la problemática social y la situación de la salud pública en Perú, este trabajo defiende que la prioridad de la vacunación debe centrarse en la población que (...) vive en extrema pobreza. El método utilizado fue una argumentación ética sobre la distribución de la vacuna contra el COVID‐19 en Perú. Esta argumentación se basa en el análisis de la población peruana que vive en extrema pobreza, la cual presenta diferentes estratos de vulnerabilidad, y que, ante una eventual infección por SARS‐CoV‐2, se irían agravando uno tras otro, a través de un efecto en cascada. Este escenario daría lugar a nuevas vulnerabilidades de las ya existentes, causando mayores daños. Los esfuerzos de vacunación en esta población clave les brindaría oportunidad de seguir encontrando formas de llevar alimentos a sus hogares, reduciendo significativamente el riesgo de contagio en su entorno y mitigando el efecto devastador de las enfermedades locales a las que ya está expuesta. Se plantean cuatro objeciones relacionadas con este argumento, con sus correspondientes respuestas. El acceso prioritario a la vacuna reduciría significativamente el daño a las personas que viven en la extrema pobreza, haciendo prevalecer los principios de justicia y equidad. (shrink)

CONTENIDO: La filosofía - El pensamiento filosófico de Kant - La ciencia - La filosofía del derecho - La ciencia del derecho - La filosofía y la política - El derecho y la moral - El derecho natural y el derecho positivo - La justicia - La historia - La ley - La institución - La persona - El idealismo dialéctico de Hegel y el materialismo dialéctico de Marx - La cultura - La sociedad - La norma jurídica - La (...) nación y el gobierno - El contrato social - El estado - La comunidad internacional - Los dualismos de la teoría tradicional frente a los monismos de la teoría de Hans Kelsen. (shrink)

Reviewed Works:Telis K. Menas, A Combinatorial Property of $p_\kappa\lambda$.Donald H. Pelletier, The Partition Property for Certain Extendible Measures on Supercompact Cardinals.Kenneth Kunen, Donald H. Pelletier, On a Combinatorial Property of Menas Related to the Partition Property for Measures on Supercompact Cardinals.Julius B. Barbanel, Supercompact Cardinals, Trees of Normal Ultrafilters, and the Partition Property.

O presente texto se debruçou sobre as questões relacionadas ao ensino e avaliação da aprendizagem em filosofia após sua presença obrigatória nos currículos de ensino médio do país. Documentos como as Orientações Curriculares Nacionais e o Currículo de Filosofia do Estado de São Paulo indicam uma abordagem de seu ensino pautado por competências e habilidades.

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar o problema das relações objetais primárias recorrendo a alguns conceitos formulados por Michael Balint. Para isto, parte-se da discussão sobre duas posições ou modos de investimento precoces, para em seguida situá-los no contexto da falha básica, compreendida como um mecanismo primitivo de constituição da subjetividade e uma das principais áreas do aparato psíquico. Com isso pretende-se oferecer um esboço da teoria balintiana sobre as origens da subjetivação, articulando-a com a chamada clínica de pacientes difíceis.This (...) article aims to investigate the problem of primary object relations appealing to some of the concepts formulated by Michael Balint. In this sense, it starts with the discussion of two positions or modes of precocious investment, which are then situated in the context of the basic fault, understood as a primitive mechanism in subjectivity's constitution and as one of the main areas of the psychic apparatus. In this way, it intends to offer a sketch of Balint's theory about the origins of subjectivity, articulated with the so-called clinic of difficult patients. (shrink)

Epistemic foundationalism is confronted with a serious objection in relation to the basic beliefs placed as the foundation of justification and knowledge: the well-known Sellars’s problem. We try to characterize the problem advanced by Sellars and show some plausible answers which depend on the understanding of sensory experience and the very nature of perception, which allows us to avoid the objection and defend a moderate version of foundationalism.

This article introduces practical and theoretical investigations in fields of art and technology related to biotelematics, hybridization and transcultural experimentation based on research carried out over the last four years at the Nucleus of Art and New Organisms (NANO). We will approach this subject by considering three main points of view: field theory (Ascott 1980; Nóbrega 2009); the concept of coherence (Ho 1993; Ho & Popp 1989; Simondon 1980); and the state of connectedness (Ascott 2006). These will act as integrative (...) models for the understanding of an emerging hybrid organic structure presented as an aesthetic organism (Nóbrega 2009). The concept of field theory is applied as a working model for the systemic role of information within the immaterial, invisible, dynamical flow that intercommunicates natural (i.e. humans and other living systems) and artificial (i.e. machine) organisms in the process of invention, as well as in the fruition of artwork. In terms of the concept of coherence, we propose the idea of artworks as transducers of energy; more specifically, as resonators of coherent fields that interconnect the artist and audience in an integrated, dynamical whole. Furthermore, we approach the state of connectedness as a fundamental notion for the dynamics involved in the invention, exhibition and absorption of contemporary artworks. NANO Lab’s involvement with artistic research is not only understood as a physical space for experimentation, but also as an environment in which our practice reflects concepts applied in artistic work. In this sense, we can highlight two theoretical references (other than Roy Ascott’s work) which guide this methodology: Humberto Maturana (2001; Varela & Maturana 1992) and the idea of a conserved ‘autopoiesis’, a systematic medium (space) in which all recursive dynamics of reciprocal interactions occur to sustain the survival of life, processes and systems, and where technology can be conceived as a powerful instrument/medium to expand our knowledge about structural and sensitive coherences within living and non-living systems; and, Jorge de Albuquerque Vieira’s (2006; 2009) approach to art as a type of knowledge related to any process that guarantees the permanence or survival of a system based on three major characteristics for the survival of an open system – sensitivity (to operate information flows), memory (to transfer and retain information), and capability (to elaborate or prepare information according to its needs). (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por finalidade demonstrar que, apesar de não estar expresso no rol das cláusulas pétreas, o macroprincípio da fraternidade jurídica não é passível de ser suprimido do texto constitucional. Ainda que não esteja presente expressamente na parte dogmática da Constituição Federal de 1988, a fraternidade se apresenta de forma implícita em diversos dispositivos normativos fundamentais e expressamente no preâmbulo, trecho inaugural da Lei Fundamental. Desse modo, a pesquisa que ora se apresenta parte do seguinte questionamento: O princípio (...) jurídico da fraternidade pode ser considerado uma cláusula pétrea constitucional? Decisões judiciais recentes e estudos doutrinários contemporâneos no campo das ciências jurídicas evidenciam que, além de estar presente na parte introdutória da Constituição brasileira, também se encontra consubstanciada em diversos dispositivos fundamentais do corpo normativo constitucional. Pretende-se aqui identificar como o princípio da fraternidade jurídica se entrelaça com outros princípios fundamentais presentes no texto dogmático da Constituição da República. A metodologia aplicada a esta pesquisa é qualitativa e bibliográfica ao buscar fontes na doutrina jurídica relacionadas com a fraternidade e os direitos humanos fundamentais. (shrink)

With the aid of new technologies, science has found creative ways to investigate nature. Through the use of a highly sensitive, low-noise, cooled camera, previously applied to exploring dark sky, scientific laboratories around the world have been looking at the weak emission of light from cells in a living organism. Biophoton emission, as so-called by Fritz Albert Popp, was introduced to science in the 1920s by the Russian embryologist Alexander Gurwitsh, receiving the name of mitogenetic rays. Since 1974, systematic research (...) carried out by Fritz Albert Popp and his colleagues in many parts of the world has been focused on conducting experiments and working towards a biophoton theory to inform us about its properties. One of the main hypotheses is that biophoton plays an important biological function and due to evidence of coherence of its light, i.e. a high degree of order with an extremely stable intensity (Bischof 2005), biophoton is supposed to operate as a biological laser, able to manage a network of information in the organism as well as to form electromagnetic field patterns. Interactive art based on digital technologies uses numerical data to produce interactions between our body and lit pixels on the screen. Maybe, with the correct tools and equations, data from subtle fields of energy in living systems could be used to connect different systems of information, conjugating micro and macro levels of energy. This paper intends to examine biophoton research as a possible model to interactive art and consider the way it could lead to new forms for perception and consciousness. (shrink)