The relation between method, concept and theory in science is complicated. I seek to shed light on that relation by considering an instance of it in systematics: The additional challenges phylogeneticists face when reconstructing phylogeny not at a single level, but simultaneously at multiple levels of the hierarchy. How does this complicate the task of phylogenetic inference, and how might it inform and shape the conceptual foundations of phylogenetics? This offers a lens through which the interplay of method, theory and (...) concepts may be understood in systematics, which, in turn, provides data for a more general account. (shrink)

The repair of chromosomal double‐strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination is essential to maintain genome integrity. The key step in DSB repair is the RecA/Rad51‐mediated process to match sequences at the broken end to homologous donor sequences that can be used as a template to repair the lesion. Here, in reviewing research about DSB repair, I consider the many factors that appear to play important roles in the successful search for homology by several homologous recombination mechanisms.

Although touch frequently occurs in psychotherapy with children, there is little written on the ethical considerations of therapeutic touch. Because physical contact does occur, therapists must consider if, how, and when it is used, for both their clients' safety and their own. In this review, I further develop the issues suggested by Aquino and Lee (2000) in the use of nurturing touch in therapy by considering many types of touch that occur in psychotherapy with children; the possible positive role of (...) touch; clients' perception of touch in therapy; considerations related to the therapist, the child's safety, and any history of abuse in the child's and family's background; and other practical considerations. I list guidelines. (shrink)

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Media Ethics first became established as a subsidiary subject in the arts faculties of German universities as a by-product of the Age of Digitalisation and the individualisation of active media use. Since their experience with Nazi propaganda, the Churches in Germany have adopted a watchdog role in society, as a »social guardian«. This role includes media communication, whereby media are understood as instruments of freedom. Thus, the Churches in Germany have been a driving force in encouraging ethical reflection of media (...) from a Christian perspective. Christian, in particular Reformatory Church media history has generated the following key terms in conjunction with the reflection of media communication: attentiveness, diversity, empowerment, participation, service to the democratic public, representation, and freedom. (shrink)

Ethical violations can cause wasteful use of resources, unfair advantage for some scientists over others, and setting a bad example to the scientific community and young scientists_._ Awareness of these violations helps to prevent moral contamination of the academic community. A web-based survey with 30 items was sent to all residents and academic staff worked at different faculties in our university to evaluate the participants' thoughts and knowledge about academic publication ethics. There were 48 female and 53 male respondents. 44.6% (...) of the participants had never taken ethics courses. 57.4% of the participants think that the ethics course should be given throughout life. The responses to “when ethical course should be given?” was significantly different between males and females, but not according to academic titles and age ranges. Except residents, all participants had complete information about the predatory journals, books and congresses. 29% of the participants were not aware of ghost authorship and 20% were misinformed. The participants did not have sufficient knowledge and awareness about plagiarism, except for some sub-titles. Although lack of awareness is mostly evident among non-academicians, both academicians and non-academicians need to be educated and trained about plagiarism. (shrink)

Mit Fragen der Rezeptionsforschung sind heute verschiedene wissenschaftliche Disziplinen befaßt, die trotz ähnlicher Fragen isoliert nebeneinander stehen. Es schien den Versuch wert, durch ein Symposion «Der Hörer als Interpret» zumindest eine interdisziplinäre Diskussion anzuregen, um Berührungen zwischen psychologischen, ästhetischen und musiktheoretischen Betrachtungen aufzuzeigen. Diese Publikation gibt die Beiträge zum Symposion wieder, wobei Experten u.a. zum Problem der Gedächtnisrepräsentation von Musik, zur Rezeptionsästhetik und zur hörenden Interpretation in der elektroakustischen Musik Stellung nehmen.