Bastin et al. present a framework that draws heavily on existing ideas of dual processes in memory in order to make predictions about memory deficits in clinical populations. It has been difficult to find behavioral evidence for multiple memory processes but we offer some evidence for dual processes in a related domain: memory for the time-of-occurrence of events.

Host defense mechanisms are categorized into different strategies, namely, avoidance, resistance and tolerance. Resistance encompasses mechanisms that directly kill the pathogen while tolerance is mainly concerned with alleviating the harsh consequences of the infection regardless of the pathogen burden. Resistance is well‐known strategy in immunology while tolerance is relatively new. Studies addressed tolerance mainly using mouse models revealing a wide range of interesting tolerance mechanisms. Herein, we aim to emphasize on the interspecies comparative approaches to explore potential new mechanisms of (...) disease tolerance. We will discuss mechanisms of tolerance with focus on those that were revealed using comparative study designs of mammals followed by summarizing the reasons for adopting comparative approaches on disease tolerance studies. Disease tolerance is a relatively new concept in immunology, we believe combining comparative studies with model organism study designs will enhance our understanding to tolerance and unveil new mechanisms of tolerance. (shrink)

Notre analyse a pour objectif de souligner l’existence d’un rayonnement ombreux du mythe du Phénix, plus puissant que l’actualisation de mythèmes académiquement répertoriés. Nous mettrons en lumière son étonnante vivacité et son impressionnante capacité d’adaptation — mais aussi la profonde originalité de la poétique de Morsy. Mêlant en effet dénonciation et incertitude, révolte et espérance, apocalypse et renaissance, elle indique une aspiration à renverser un ordre établi. Poésie et mythe, à partir d’une réflexion polémique sur l’histoire, ont retrouvé ici (...) leur commune origine. En dépit de ses nombreuses ambiguïtés, le Phénix structure l’imaginaire crépusculaire du recueil : il est avant tout puissance de transgression, source secrète de sa poétique. Our analysis has for objective to underline the existence of a shadowy radiation of the myth of the Phoenix, more powerful than the mythemes academically listed. We shall bring to light its surprising liveliness and its impressive capacity of adaptation—but also the profound originality of Morsy’s poetics. Indeed mixing denunciation and uncertainty, revolt and hope, apocalypse and revival, it indicates the purpose to knock down an established order. Poetry and myth, from a polemical reflection on the history, found here their common origin. In spite of its numerous ambiguities, the Phoenix structures the crepuscular imagination of his collections of poetry: it is above all power of transgression, the secret spring of his poetics. (shrink)

In this article, I discuss prospects for democracy in the Middle East. I argue, first, that some democratic experiments—for instance, Egypt under Mohammed Morsi—are not in keeping with etymological and historical meanings of democracy; and second, that efforts to promote democracy, especially as exemplified in U.N. documents emphasizing universal rights grounded in Western traditions, are possibly totalitarian and also colonialist and hence counter to democratic ideals insofar as they impart one set of values as the only morally acceptable ones. A (...) respectful dialogue in which people from both regions strive to understand conditions giving rise to certain social practices would be more productive than morally superior attitudes, and help all to see areas where their respective cultures could be improved. I conclude by discussing concepts of democratic and pragmatic faith articulated by John Dewey and William James, arguing that democracy will continue to flounder in the Middle East so long as the basic trust implied in these concepts is lacking; and how Westerners might consider this a cautionary tale regarding social attitudes and public policies contrary to democratic life in their own countries. (shrink)

Egypt is a place with a long tradition of female participation in revolutions. After years of Mubarak’s despotism, women joined the revolution once again. As a result, they had to deal with the violation of women’s rights. When Morsi was removed, women were again at the top of political topics. The new constitution was described as the most progressive for women. Sisi has been a president for short time but he is already called the president of women. However women still (...) face problems. They defended themselves from the Muslim Brotherhood’s rules by supporting Sisi, but did they really win by overthrowing the regime of Mubarak? (shrink)

Interview d’Anna Roussillon, réalisatrice franco-égyptienne, du documentaire « je suis le peuple ». Tandis que le peuple se soulève sur la place Tahrir, des paysans du sud de l’Égypte regardent la révolution à la télévision. Du renversement de Moubarak à la chute de Morsi, le film suit les révoltes à travers les yeux de Farraj, un paysan de la vallée du Nil près de Louxor. À travers la vie quotidienne du fermier, les espoirs et les déceptions, le changement tarde à (...) venir. Anna Roussillon parle du rôle de la télévision dans la vie quotidienne, de culture politique, des femmes, de son choix de filmer ailleurs qu’à Tarhir. (shrink)