This paper highlights the need for researchers and research ethics committees to look at the implications of a research study beyond the immediate research question, and the dignity, safety and wellbeing of research subjects, going on to consider whether the results of the study could be detrimental, for example, to more vulnerable groups in society. Although the case studies described come from workplace-based psychosocial research, it is suggested that the lessons drawn from these could be applied more generally.

This paper aims to show that the ethical justifications and the processes for requiring consent for interventional research or treatment are different to requiring consent for the disclosure of patient or subject information. I will argue that these process and theoretical differences are sufficient to view “consent” in the two situations as different concepts and suggest that the phrase “permission to disclose” would be more appropriate in the information disclosure situations.

Si les figures continuent à faire l'objet de l'attention des linguistes, c'est dans le cadre toujours restreint de l'élocution, en dépit d'ouvertures vers la pragmatique, qui minimisent le détail du fait grammatical. Cette étude les aborde dans une perspective non seulement de rhétorique générale mais aussi de linguistique et de philosophie du langage, ce qui conduit à soulever la question même de leur définition. Elle s'appuie sur une conception souple du langage, considéré non comme un code, mais comme un processus (...) qui admet le flou et l'approximation. Les figures ne constituent pas un écart repérable par rapport à une norme, au demeurant introuvable, mais des agencements de faits grammaticaux qui prennent leur sens dans le contexte où ils se trouvent. On passe ainsi de la notion de figure à celle de configuration, ce qui est loin d'être une simple question de terminologie. Il ne s'agit donc pas de proposer une énième liste de figures aux noms savants, mais de mettre en évidence le jeu de mécanismes inscrits dans le logos, qui, en liaison avec l'ethos du locuteur et le pathos de l'interlocuteur, contribuent à la négociation de la distance entre individus à propos d'une question, où Michel Meyer voit l'essentiel de la rhétorique. C'est une nouvelle théorie des figures qui est proposée : loin d'en faire des écarts, elle les inscrit dans le fonctionnement ordinaire du langage. (shrink)

In the United Kingdom (UK), ethical guidance for doctors assumes a therapeutic setting and a normal doctor–patient relationship. However, doctors with dual obligations may not always operate on the basis of these assumptions in all aspects of their role. In this paper, the situation of UK occupational physicians is described, and a set of models to characterise their different practices is proposed. The interaction between doctor and worker in each of these models is compared with the normal doctor–patient relationship, focusing (...) on the different levels of trust required, the possible power imbalance and the fiduciary obligations that apply. This approach highlights discrepancies between what the UK General Medical Council guidance requires and what is required of a doctor in certain roles or functions. It is suggested that using this modelling approach could also help in clarifying the sources of moral conflict for other doctors with “dual obligations” in their various roles. (shrink)

La finalidad de este artículo es analizar desde un punto de vista historiográfico el capítulo que sobre los omeyas de al-Andalus incluyen dos de las obras más representativas del periodo mameluco, la Nihāyat al-arab de al-Nuwayrī y los Masālik al-abṣār Al-ʿUmarī, Ibn Faḍl Allāh, Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār: qabāʾil al-ʿarab fī l-qarnayn al-sābiʿ wa-l-ṯāmin al-hiǧriyayn, Dorothea Krawulski (ed.), Beirut, al-Markaz al-Islāmī li-l-Buḥūṯ, 1985 de al-ʿUmarī; ambas enmarcadas en lo que se ha denominado «enciclopedismo mameluco». En primer lugar, se realiza (...) una aproximación a la producción escrita de este periodo, señalándose las principales características de esta producción, así como las circunstancias que las moldearon. Posteriormente, se ofrecen algunas consideraciones generales sobre estos autores y sus respectivas obras. Todo esto con el fin de ofrecer una visión general del contexto cultural en el que se enmarcan las obras objeto de estudio de este artículo. Finalmente, se procede al análisis historiográfico crítico de la información que las dos obras nos proporcionan sobre los omeyas de al-Andalus, con especial atención a las fuentes que estos autores manejaron para su composición. Este análisis nos proporciona nuevos datos sobre el proceso de transmisión textual en la historiografía árabe, además de ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre algunas fuentes andalusíes relevantes, algunas de las cuales permanecen total o parcialmente perdidas, como es el caso del Muqtabis de Ibn Ḥayyān. (shrink)

In 1903, W. E. B. Du Bois addressed the question "How does it feel to be a social problem?". In 2008, Moustafa Bayoumi answered the same question for Muslims in the United States. Both Du Bois and Bayoumi provide powerful critiques against any notion that racialized minorities are inherently problematic. Both men generally argue that one cannot blame racialized minorities for the ill treatment they endure under systematic oppression. Du Bois and Bayoumi are two of many voices (...) fighting against the popular stigmatization of racialized peoples that include public intellectuals, civil rights activists, politicians, community leaders, educators, and many others. One of the things that all these voices have in common... (shrink)

Recent work in the ethics of care is used as a point of departure for thought about the kinds of social conditions that lead to terrorism. Allusion is made to the work of Bayoumi, Held and others, and it is concluded that political acts of terror are often a response to a climate of hostility, including microaggression.