In 2004 The New York Times launched a weekly Times Supplement with Taiwan’s United Daily News. This article aims to explore non-lexicalized allusion variation between TS headlines and NYT headlines as a discourse strategy. A textual survey was conducted on a corpus comprising 605 TS news articles and their corresponding NYT articles. Non-lexicalized allusions were identified and explored within a reader-oriented approach. And a stylistic analysis was performed to explore cognitive, pragmatic, and rhetorical roles of non-lexicalized allusions in the corpus. (...) The results show that non-lexicalized allusions occur in far fewer TS than NYT headlines. The allusion downsizing increases the accessibility of TS headlines to general TS readers at the cost of cultural diverseness and stylistic expressiveness in the headline language, making the language of TS headlines stylistically more restricted and culturally less Western. NYT headline language exemplifies English as a native language, whereas TS headline language is a specific genre of English as an international language. This article also discusses cultural implications of non-lexicalized allusions for EIL learning. It is pointed out that EIL is an integration of elements of all varieties of English involved in international or intercultural discourse. The cultural knowledge behind non-lexicalized allusions dealt with in this article represents one such element of EIL. (shrink)

Most research on the corporate philanthropy of organizations has focused on the external benefits of such initiatives for firms, such as benefits for firm reputation and opportunities. However, many firms justify their giving, in part, due to the positive impact it has on their employees. Little is known about the effectiveness of such efforts, or how they can be managed strategically to maximize impact. We hypothesize a main effect of office-level corporate philanthropy on average employee attitudes in that office, but (...) also investigate three strategies that offices may use to enhance this impact. Testing our hypotheses with 3 years of data on attitudes of an average of 14,577 employees in 53 offices we find support for the main effect, but mixed support for the specific strategies used to enhance impact. (shrink)

As a traditional term used in ancient Chinese, shiehwui社會 mainly implied the gatherings and meetings related to folk festivals for the worship of and making offerings to shie社, the gods of soil. The manifestation of shiehwui frequently was the target of condescension or outright condemnation from the government or Confucian elites. During the early dissemination of the western concept of society into China, one factor that facilitated its entry was the Christian missionaries’ knowledge of traditional Chinese shie and hwui會, (...) especially the secret societies, which they applied to their translations from English into Chinese. When the modern concept of shakai, formulated in Japan, was imported into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century, it became blended with the old word of shiehwui, and found a connection to the daily life experience of the lower classes in traditional China. As a result, the new concept of shehui in modern China possesses two kinds of connotations. On the one hand, it points toward the new direction of historical changes. On the other hand, it still retains the associations of condescension, dissatisfaction and anxiety that inform the perspective of the ruling class toward this term. (shrink)

: As a traditional term used in ancient Chinese, shiehwui mainly implied the gatherings and meetings related to folk festivals for the worship of and making offerings to shie, the gods of soil. The manifestation of shiehwui frequently was the target of condescension or outright condemnation from the government or Confucian elites. During the early dissemination of the western concept of society into China, one factor that facilitated its entry was the Christian missionaries’ knowledge of traditional Chinese shie (...) and hwui, especially the secret societies, which they applied to their translations from English into Chinese. When the modern concept of shakai, formulated in Japan, was imported into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century, it became blended with the old word of shiehwui, and found a connection to the daily life experience of the lower classes in traditional China. As a result, the new concept of shehui in modern China possesses two kinds of connotations. On the one hand, it points toward the new direction of historical changes. On the other hand, it still retains the associations of condescension, dissatisfaction and anxiety that inform the perspective of the ruling class toward this term. (shrink)