Continuous controversies about how Aristotle's teleological biology relates to modern biological science address some widely debated questions in contemporary philosophy of science. Three main groups of objections made by contemporary science against Aristotle's biology can be identified: 1) Aristotle's biological teleology is too anthropomorphic; 2) the idea is tied too substance based; 3) Aristotle's final ends contradict the mechanistic spirit of modern science, which is looking for physical causes. There are two ways of dealing with these objections. The first consists (...) in showing misinterpretations of Aristotle's thought that underlie these arguments. A second line of defense explores the idea that teleological concepts are not only incorporated and widely used in contemporary science, but that in fact biology does not have to renounce teleology in order to reconcile with the modern scientific mind. I suggests that a complete understanding of complex biological phenomena can only be achieved by combining different approaches to this issue. (shrink)

Teleological explanations in evolutionary biology, from Cuvier to the present (and into the future), depend on the metaphor of design for heuristic power and predictive fertility.

La raison interpretant l'experience sensible peut-elle conclure qu'il existe de la finalite dans la nature? A defaut d'etre reconnue comme une notion scientifique, la notion de finalite apparait comme une constante de la philosophie de la vie, ou biophilosophie. L'idee d'une direction finaliste de la nature a beau etre incomprehensible et indemontrable, elle est necessaire. Et si la science est revolutionnaire, Etienne Gilson est convaincu que la philosophie ne l'est pas. De la philosophie naturelle d'Aristote jusqu'aux theories de l'evolution de (...) Lamarck, Darwin et Malthus, Etienne Gilson retrace le parcours sinueux de la notion de finalite et, a rebours du scientisme de son temps, prefere continuer de croire que l'oeil est fait pour voir. (shrink)

Explores the development of the ideas of evolutionary biology, particularly as affected by the increasing understanding of genetics and of the chemical basis of inheritance.