Abstract

The article discusses three primary solutions to the problem of the human throughout the history of culture. This problem is formulated as the question of what makes a human being human. According to the first response, one becomes man only when elevating oneself above worldly attachments by restoring one's connection to God through faith or intellectual effort. The second response to the question, which is depicted in contemporary civilization, is seen in man's striving to understand the surrounding world. The third answer emphasizes the necessity for man to learn to know himself. Many thinkers of the past have pointed out the effectiveness of the third answer, which they saw as holding the means to save culture