Abstract

In this paper we prove conservation theorems for theories of classical first-order arithmetic over their intuitionistic version. We also prove generalized conservation results for intuitionistic theories when certain weak forms of the principle of excluded middle are added to them. Members of two families of subsystems of Heyting arithmetic and Buss-Harnik’s theories of intuitionistic bounded arithmetic are the intuitionistic theories we consider. For the first group, we use a method described by Leivant based on the negative translation combined with a variant of Friedman’s translation. For the second group, we use Avigad’s forcing method