II—Must There Be an Empirical Basis for the Theorization of Racialized Subjects in Race-Gender Theory?

This article argues that non-ideal theory fails to deliver on its promise of providing a more accurate account of the real world by which philosophers can address problems of racism, sexual violence, and poverty. Because non-ideal theory relies on abstractions of groups which are idealized as causes for social phenomena, non-idealists imagine that categories like race or gender predict how groups behave in the real world. This article maintains that non-idealist abstractions often result in inaccuracy and makes the case that empirically informed theories and group-based analyses are needed to correct the course of race-gender theory.