Razão e sentimento na teoria moral de Hume

Cadernos de Ética E Filosofia Política 7:22-35 (2005)
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Abstract

Resumo: Os papéis desempenhados pela razão e pelo sentimento na teoria moral de Hume têm gerado algumas controvérsias entre os comentadores da obra do filósofo escocês. Alguns, como David Fate Norton, vêem com certo estranhamento o fato de o tom do texto de Hume buscar desqualificar a influência da razão nas distinções morais realizadas pelos homens quando, na verdade, a argumentação do filósofo parece atribuir um papel a ela. Outros comentadores defendem a tese de que o termo razão, nos textos morais de Hume, não deve ser entendido da maneira como geralmente o fazemos. Defendo, ao longo deste artigo, que a leitura dos textos morais de Hume no contexto do debate sobre os fundamentos da moral no século XVIII leva a crer que, ao falar em razão, Hume tem em mente um sentido não tão diferente do que usualmente lhe é atribuído. Ainda assim, apesar do tom empregado pelo filósofo, esse fato não deve causar surpresa. Isso porque a retórica de que o autor faz uso não tem como alvo a razão em si mesma, mas uma certa maneira de conceber a moralidade que via na razão o fundamento último das distinções morais.Palavras-chave: Hume - razão - sentimento - moral - filosofia escocesa.: The roles played by reason and sentiment in Hume's moral theory have raised some controversies among the scholars of his work. Some, such as David Fate Norton, find it somewhat strange that Hume uses a tone which seems to disqualify the influence of reason in the moral distinctions made by men when, in fact, the philosopher's arguments seem to ascribe a role to it. Other scholars state that the term reason, in Hume's moral writings, is not to be understood in the sense we usually atribute to it. I argue, along this article, that the reading of Hume's moral writings in the context of the debate concerning the principles of morals in the 18th century makes it clear that, when he speaks of reason, Hume has in mind a meaning not so different from the one usually atributed to it. Even so, despite the tone employed by him, this fact shouldn't be thought of as surprising, since the author uses his rethoric not against reason itself, but against a certain conception of morality which saw reason as the ultimate foundation of moral distinctions.Key-words: Hume - reason - sentiment - morals - Scottish philosophy.

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