Using optical add–drop multiplexer/remover multiplexer (OADM), it is possible to add or remove wavelengths and change or route them through the various nodes and networks. At this moment, key problems in add–drop multiplexer (ADM) are the bandwidth, modulation format, and reuse wavelength. In this article, the Optisystem software simulation is used as a platform to design, test, and verify the method applied to the current work; the OADM is proposed based on the metro network to get distribution between nodes over (...) a transmission link; OADM analysis was presented with four channels (193.1, 193.2, 193.3, and 193.4 THz) at total bandwidth of 1.6 Tb/s, none-return-to-zero (NRZ), and return to zero coding types. Experiment one shows that the average output power is −17.997 dBm, the average drop power is −17.997 dBm, and the average add power is −18.338 dBm, the average gain is −0.0429 dB, the average noise figure is 0 dB, the average power input signal is 10.679 dBm, the average of power output signal is 10.633 dBm, and the average output optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is 0 dB, However, the second experiment shows that the average output power is −24.238 dBm, the average drop power is −24.288 dBm, and the average add power is −24.753 dBm, the average gain is −0.0417 dB, the average noise figure is 0 dB, average power input signal is 7.691 dBm, average of power output signal is 7.677 dBm, and the average output OSNR 0 dB. The system supports four input channels, four add channels, four output channels, and four drop channels. The results are acceptable after three spans of Solitons fiber with 600 km length, 200 km for each span. Nonetheless, it is believed that it is well justified to adopt these schemes in the current optical network with a low cost for overall expenditure. (shrink)

Bu çalışmada üç aylık bir süreli yayın olan Türk Standartları Enstitüsü Öncü Çocuk Dergisi, tipografik özellikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada, tipografik öğelerin görsel iletişime olan etkilerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmış ve bu kapsamda söz konusu tasarım problemleri ile çözüm önerileri ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. İncelenen dergi dahilinde, grafik iletişimin başlıca öğesi olan tipografi ile ilgili olarak okunurluk, yazı hiyerarşisi, font seçimi, bloklama gibi unsurlar üzerine tartışılmıştır. Verilerin nitel olarak değerlendirildiği bu betimsel çalışmada örneklem olarak derginin 2016 yılı sayıları seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında (...) derginin tasarımında tespit edilen bulgulara yönelik öneriler getirilmiştir. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, Volume 31, Issue 2, Page 453-473, April 2022.