Chow ably defends classical significance testing by relating this method to venerable principles for inductive reasoning. Chow's success does not preclude the use of other approaches to statistical reasoning, which is fortunate not only for Bayesian rivals, but even for some fellow classicists.

Subjects are reported as being somewhat Bayesian, but as violating the normative ideal on occasion. To abjure probability altogether is difficult. To use Bayes' Theorem scrupulously when weighing evidence can incur costs without corresponding benefits. The subjects' evident nuanced probabilism appears both realistic and reasonable.