Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières is among the most emblematic nongovernmental organizations in the field of medical humanitarian assistance. Since its creation in 1971 in the wake of the Biafran War, MSF has grown to be admired for its outstanding boldness and often disliked for its fierce arrogance. Although best known publicly as a large organization that operates in the world’s most ravaged places and that is supported by millions of individual donors, internal staff and field workers typically identify with (...) MSF more as an association of individual members than as an international organization. Renee C. Fox’s 2014 book, Doctors Without Borders:... (shrink)

Les années 1960-1970 marquent une étape importante dans la rencontre entre l'école et les médias. Nous cherchons ici à mettre en évidence comment la nécessaire prise en compte de l'environnement médiatique et les questions qu'il a générées ont suscité de fructueuses rencontres entre deux champs d'activités, l'éducation et la communication. À quelles sources théoriques, à quels courants de pensée, à quels mouvements sociaux ces deux secteurs ont-ils pu s'alimenter réciproquement, pour finalement donner naissance, à travers une histoire tourmentée, à un (...) champ d'intervention et de recherches spécifique: l'interrelation éducation-communication?.The years 1960-1970 marked an important stage in the meeting between the schools and the media. We attempt here to highlight how the need to take account of the media environment and the issues it has generated have generated fruitful encounters between two fields, education and communication. On what theoretical sources, what currents of thought, what social movements both sectors could they eat each other, finally giving birth through a turbulent history, a field of intervention and research specific: the interrelation education-communication? (shrink)

Dans cet ouvrage, où il s'agit d'appréhender l'univers pascalien sur le plan apologétique, on suit le cheminement de la foi de Pascal à partir de fragments retrouvés après sa mort, textes à l'origine des différentes éditions des Pensées. La structure antithétique et paradoxale de son génie l'a conduit à une quête religieuse sans concession à l'égard de la société de son temps. La fonction dualiste de son écriture aboutit à mettre en valeur la béance séparant le fini de la nature (...) humaine de l'infini de la grâce de Dieu. Seule la médiation christique dans l'histoire a pu combler ce vide de l'homme dans l'humilité de la foi. L'aspect novateur de la quête pascalienne expliquerait alors en grande partie le côté inachevé des papiers. Cinq appendices visent à mettre le texte pascalien face aux modes de pensée du XVIIe siècle. La richesse du texte pascalien demeure malgré tout inépuisable. (shrink)

SummaryHeterozygous 4.1 hereditary elliptocytosis results from the absence of one haploid set of protein 4.1, a major component of the red cell skeleton. Two successive epidemiological investigations revealed fifteen probands in the French Northern Alps. The frequency of this disease seems to be very high in four small villages isolated in the Aravis mountains. The genealogical study shows that eleven probands share common ancestors who lived eight or ten generations ago in these villages. Thus there was probably a founder effect (...) from one pair of ancestors, strengthened by endogamy. In contrast, four probands originate from another area and are not genealogically related. Recent results in molecular genetics support the present data. (shrink)

This book reveals how, when, where and why vitalism and its relationship to new scientific theories, philosophies and concepts of energy became seminal from the fin de siècle until the Second World War for such Modernists as Sophie Tauber-Arp, Hugo Ball, Juliette Bisson, Eva Carrière, Salvador Dalì, Robert Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, Edvard Munch, Picasso, Yves Tanguy, Gino Severini and John Cage. For them Vitalism entailed the conception of life as a constant process of metamorphosis impelled by the free flow (...) of energies, imaginings, intuition and memories, unconstrained by mechanistic materialism and chronometric imperatives, to generate what the philosopher Henri Bergson aptly called Creative Evolution. Following the three main dimensions of Vitalist Modernism, the first part of this book reveals how biovitalism at the fin de siècle entailed the pursuit of corporeal regeneration through absorption in raw nature, wholesome environments, aquatic therapies, electromagnetism, heliotherapy, modern sports, particularly rugby; water sports, the Olympic Games and physical culture to energize the human body and vitalize its life force. This is illuminated by artists as geoculturally diverse as Gustave Caillebotte, Thomas Eakins, Munch and Albert Gleizes. The second part illuminates how simultaneously vitalism became aligned with anthroposophy, esotericism, magnetism, occultism, parapsychology, spiritism, theosophy and what Bergson called "psychic states", alongside such new sciences as electromagnetism, radiology and the Fourth Dimension, as captured by such artists as Juliette Bisson, Giacomo Balla, Albert Besnard, Umberto Boccioni, Eva Carrière, John Gerrard Keulemans, László Mohology-Nagy, James Tissot, Albert von Schrenck Notzing and Picasso. During and after the devastation of the First World War, the third part explores how Vitalism, particularly Bergson's theory of becoming, became associated with Dadaist, Neo-Dadaist and Surrealist notions of amorality, atemporality, dysfunctionality, entropy, irrationality, inversion, negation and the nonsensical captured by Hans Arp, Charlie Chaplin, Theo Van Doesburg, Kazimir Malevich, Kurt Schwitters and Vladimir Tatlin alongside Cage's concept of Nothing. After investigating the widespread engagement with Bergson's philosophies, Vitalism and art by Anarchists, Marxists and Communists during and after the First World War, it concludes with the official rejection of Bergson and any form of Vitalism in the Soviet Union under Stalin. This book will be of vital interest to gallery, exhibition and museum curators and visitors plus readers and scholars working in art history, art theory, cultural studies, modernist studies, occult studies, European art and literature, health, histories of science, philosophy, psychology, sociology, sport studies, heritage studies, museum studies and curatorship. (shrink)

This paper explores the relationship between the development of art and sport in the Arabian Peninsula. In particular, it will be argued that both sport and art can be understood in terms of a trajectory from the ‘modern’ to the ‘contemporary’. Modernity and modernism are introduced through an interpretation of Paul Delaunay’s series of paintings ‘The Cardiff Team’ (1912–22) which may be read as an expression of modernity. The content of the paintings documents core elements of European modernist culture, (...) including technology and science, leisure, consumerism and advertising, and crucially (international) sport. Delaunay’s work provides a background from which to reflect upon the development of sport into something like its contemporary form, in early 20th Europe. By drawing on Terry Smith’s analysis of the difference between modern and contemporary art, and applying this to sport, in order to suggest that there is a distinctive contemporary form of sport, the core tensions within both artistic and sporting practices are argued to lie in the movement from a conception of sport as an expression of modernity, where this is conceived as a universal movement, exemplified by Western humanism, towards a conception of sport as something particularised, expressive of local cultures. The promotion of art institutions and sports events within the Arabian Peninsula highlights the resultant tensions between the neo-colonial influence of Western culture and the reinterpretation of that culture, locally, in order to reflect upon and articulate communal identity within the contexts of globalism and transnationalism. (shrink)

This work aims to rescue, transcribe and create new artistic and cultural expressions through the use of native peoples’ historical visual recordings, integrating intelligent technologies. For this purpose, a Chilean native peoples’ digital repository is collected, in order to apply a Digital Humanities-based methodology. From the chosen material, portraits are selected, recoloured through a AI-based model; the facial mesh is constructed using a facial landmark detector; the points of the mesh are reconstructed by a Delaunay triangulation; to finally apply (...) an additive manufacturing process. Thus, these physical pieces allow to compare the native people’s own physiognomies, creating new cultural expressions. (shrink)