Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. As a measure of biomedical intervention, brain–computer interfaces in the era of artificial intelligence (AI-BCI technology, ABT) pose enormous ethical challenges in terms of human autonomy, mental integrity, identity, data privacy, and control while achieving therapeutic goals. It is necessary to analyze and differentiate these ethical challenges one by one, but more importantly, to find the truly safest, most effective, and most ethical ways to implement biomedical interventions and ensure “responsible research and innovation” in biomedical fields. In the context of the international development of consistent ABT standards, the policy formulation of “a right to mental privacy” and brain data security in Chinese bioethics will be a heavy and arduous task.