20 found
Order:
  1. Ethics of generative AI.Hazem Zohny, John McMillan & Mike King - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (2):79-80.
    Artificial intelligence (AI) and its introduction into clinical pathways presents an array of ethical issues that are being discussed in the JME. 1–7 The development of AI technologies that can produce text that will pass plagiarism detectors 8 and are capable of appearing to be written by a human author 9 present new issues for medical ethics. One set of worries concerns authorship and whether it will now be possible to know that an author or student in fact produced submitted (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  2. The Myth of Cognitive Enhancement Drugs.Hazem Zohny - 2015 - Neuroethics 8 (3):257-269.
    There are a number of premises underlying much of the vigorous debate on pharmacological cognitive enhancement. Among these are claims in the enhancement literature that such drugs exist and are effective among the cognitively normal. These drugs are deemed to enhance cognition specifically, as opposed to other non-cognitive facets of our psychology, such as mood and motivation. The focus on these drugs as cognitive enhancers also suggests that they raise particular ethical questions, or perhaps more pressing ones, compared to those (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  3.  30
    The Mystery of Mental Integrity: Clarifying Its Relevance to Neurotechnologies.Hazem Zohny, David M. Lyreskog, Ilina Singh & Julian Savulescu - 2023 - Neuroethics 16 (3):1-12.
    The concept of mental integrity is currently a significant topic in discussions concerning the regulation of neurotechnologies. Technologies such as deep brain stimulation and brain-computer interfaces are believed to pose a unique threat to mental integrity, and some authors have advocated for a legal right to protect it. Despite this, there remains uncertainty about what mental integrity entails and why it is important. Various interpretations of the concept have been proposed, but the literature on the subject is inconclusive. Here we (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  4.  49
    Generative AI and medical ethics: the state of play.Hazem Zohny, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D. Earp & John McMillan - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (2):75-76.
    Since their public launch, a little over a year ago, large language models (LLMs) have inspired a flurry of analysis about what their implications might be for medical ethics, and for society more broadly. 1 Much of the recent debate has moved beyond categorical evaluations of the permissibility or impermissibility of LLM use in different general contexts (eg, at work or school), to more fine-grained discussions of the criteria that should govern their appropriate use in specific domains or towards certain (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  5.  26
    Which features of patients are morally relevant in ventilator triage? A survey of the UK public.Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Hazem Zohny, Julian Savulescu, Dominic Wilkinson, Vincent Conitzer, Jana Schaich Borg & Lok Chan - 2022 - BMC Medical Ethics 23 (1):1-14.
    Background In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many health systems, including those in the UK, developed triage guidelines to manage severe shortages of ventilators. At present, there is an insufficient understanding of how the public views these guidelines, and little evidence on which features of a patient the public believe should and should not be considered in ventilator triage. Methods Two surveys were conducted with representative UK samples. In the first survey, 525 participants were asked in an open-ended (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  6.  32
    Merging Minds: The Conceptual and Ethical Impacts of Emerging Technologies for Collective Minds.David M. Lyreskog, Hazem Zohny, Julian Savulescu & Ilina Singh - 2023 - Neuroethics 16 (1):1-17.
    A growing number of technologies are currently being developed to improve and distribute thinking and decision-making. Rapid progress in brain-to-brain interfacing and swarming technologies promises to transform how we think about collective and collaborative cognitive tasks across domains, ranging from research to entertainment, and from therapeutics to military applications. As these tools continue to improve, we are prompted to monitor how they may affect our society on a broader level, but also how they may reshape our fundamental understanding of agency, (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  7.  74
    Enhancing Gender.Hazem Zohny, Brian D. Earp & Julian Savulescu - 2022 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 19 (2):225-237.
    Transgender healthcare faces a dilemma. On the one hand, access to certain medical interventions, including hormone treatments or surgeries, where desired, may be beneficial or even vital for some gender dysphoric trans people. But on the other hand, access to medical interventions typically requires a diagnosis, which, in turn, seems to imply the existence of a pathological state—something that many transgender people reject as a false and stigmatizing characterization of their experience or identity. In this paper we argue that developments (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  8.  15
    Reimagining Scholarship: A Response to the Ethical Concerns of AUTOGEN.Hazem Zohny - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (10):96-99.
    In their recent paper “AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle,” Porsdam Mann et al. (2023) demonstrate a technique for fine-tuning the l...
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  9.  52
    Enhancement, disability and the riddle of the relevant circumstances.Hazem Zohny - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (9).
    The welfarist account of enhancement and disability holds enhanced and disabled states on a spectrum: the former are biological or psychological states that increase the chances of a person leading a good life in the relevant set of circumstances, while the latter decrease those chances. Here, I focus on a particular issue raised by this account: what should we count as part of an individual’s relevant set of circumstances when thinking about enhanced and disabled states? Specifically, is social prejudice relevant (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  10. Rethinking Moral Status.Stephen Clarke, Hazem Zohny & Julian Savulescu (eds.) - forthcoming
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  11. The Negative Effects of Neurointerventions: Confusing Constitution and Causation.Thomas Douglas & Hazem Zohny - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 9 (3):162-164.
    Birks and Buyx (2018) claim that, at least in the foreseeable future, nonconsensual neurointerventions will almost certainly suppress some valuable mental states and will thereby impose an objectionable harm to mental integrity—a harm that it is pro tanto wrong to impose. Of course, incarceration also interferes with valuable mental states, so might seem to be objectionable in the same way. However, Birks and Buyx block this result by maintaining that the negative mental effects of incarceration are merely foreseen, whereas those (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12.  31
    Animal researchers shoulder a psychological burden that animal ethics committees ought to address.Mike King & Hazem Zohny - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Animal ethics committees typically focus on the welfare of animals used in experiments, neglecting the potential welfare impact of that animal use on the animal laboratory personnel. Some of this work, particularly the killing of animals, can impose significant psychological burdens that can diminish the well-being of laboratory animal personnel, as well as their capacity to care for animals. We propose that AECs, which regulate animal research in part on the basis of reducing harm, can and ought to require that (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  13.  12
    Decentralising the Self – Ethical Considerations in Utilizing Decentralised Web Technology for Direct Brain Interfaces.David M. Lyreskog, Hazem Zohny, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Ilina Singh & Julian Savulescu - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (4):1-14.
    The rapidly advancing field of brain-computer (BCI) and brain-to-brain interfaces (BBI) is stimulating interest across various sectors including medicine, entertainment, research, and military. The developers of large-scale brain-computer networks, sometimes dubbed ‘Mindplexes’ or ‘Cloudminds’, aim to enhance cognitive functions by distributing them across expansive networks. A key technical challenge is the efficient transmission and storage of information. One proposed solution is employing blockchain technology over Web 3.0 to create decentralised cognitive entities. This paper explores the potential of a decentralised web (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  14.  19
    Flourishing, Mental Health Professionals and the Role of Normative Dialogue.Hazem Zohny, Julian Savulescu, Gin S. Malhi & Ilina Singh - forthcoming - Health Care Analysis:1-16.
    This paper explores the dilemma faced by mental healthcare professionals in balancing treatment of mental disorders with promoting patient well-being and flourishing. With growing calls for a more explicit focus on patient flourishing in mental healthcare, we address two inter-related challenges: the lack of consensus on defining positive mental health and flourishing, and how professionals should respond to patients with controversial views on what is good for them. We discuss the relationship dynamics between healthcare providers and patients, proposing that ‘liberal’ (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  15.  18
    The Ethics of Thinking with Machines: Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Era of Artificial Intelligence.David M. Lyreskog, Hazem Zohny, Ilina Singh & Julian Savulescu - 2023 - International Journal of Chinese and Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 21 (2):11-34.
    LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. 腦機介面 (BCIs) 是大腦和電腦無需人工交互即可直接交流的一系列技術。隨著人工智能 (AI) 時代的到來,我們需要更多地關注腦機介面和人工智能的融合所帶來的倫理問題。那麼,與機器一起思考會帶來什麼樣的倫理問題?在本文中,圍繞這一主題,我們將重點關注以下問題:自主性、完整性、身分認同、隱私,以及 作為一種增強的方式,該技術在兒科領域的應用會帶來怎樣的風險和潛在收益。我們的結論是,雖然該技術存在多種令人擔憂的問題,同時也有可能帶來好處,但仍存在很大的不確定性。如果生命倫理學家想在這一領域有所建樹 ,他們就應該做好準備來迎接我們對醫學和醫療保健領域中一些我們視為核心價值的理解的重大轉變。 Brain-Computer Interfaces – BCIs – are a set of technologies with which brains and computers can communicate directly, without the need for manual interaction. As we are witnessing the dawn of an era in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) quite possibly will come to dominate the technological innovation landscape, we are compelled to ask questions about the ethical issues which the convergence of BCIs and AI (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  16.  67
    Affirmative action in healthcare resource allocation: Vaccines, ventilators and race.Hazem Zohny, Ben Davies & Dominic Wilkinson - 2022 - Bioethics 36 (9):970-977.
    This article is about the potential justification for deploying some form of affirmative action (AA) in the context of healthcare, and in particular in relation to the pandemic. We call this Affirmative Action in healthcare Resource Allocation (AARA). Specifically, we aim to investigate whether the rationale and justifications for using prioritization policies based on race in education and employment apply in a healthcare setting, and in particular to the COVID-19 pandemic. We concentrate in this article on vaccines and ventilators because (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  17.  59
    Biomarkers for the Rich and Dangerous: Why We Ought to Extend Bioprediction and Bioprevention to White-Collar Crime.Hazem Zohny, Thomas Douglas & Julian Savulescu - 2019 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 13 (3):479-497.
    There is a burgeoning scientific and ethical literature on the use of biomarkers—such as genes or brain scan results—and biological interventions to predict and prevent crime. This literature on biopredicting and biopreventing crime focuses almost exclusively on crimes that are physical, violent, and/or sexual in nature—often called blue-collar crimes—while giving little attention to less conventional crimes such as economic and environmental offences, also known as white-collar crimes. We argue here that this skewed focus is unjustified: white-collar crime is likely far (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  21
    Competition, cooperation and human flourishing: commentary on Koch.Hazem Zohny - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (8):581-582.
    Mainstream bioethics takes after a competitive, individualistic understanding of biology and is ultimately rooted in libertarian 19th-century values. These in turn drive much of the enthusiasm for transhumanism and explain why disability in bioethics is often characterised as a lamentable deficiency. That, at least, is the concern raised by Tom Koch in his paper Disabling disability amid competing ideologies.1 He contrasts this paradigm with a cooperative, communal understanding of biology, and in turn, of bioethics—one which entails generally prioritising a socially (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  19.  51
    Moral enhancement and the good life.Hazem Zohny - 2019 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 22 (2):267-274.
    One approach to defining enhancement is in the form of bodily or mental changes that tend to improve a person’s well-being. Such a “welfarist account”, however, seems to conflict with moral enhancement: consider an intervention that improves someone’s moral motives but which ultimately diminishes their well-being. According to the welfarist account, this would not be an instance of enhancement—in fact, as I argue, it would count as a disability. This seems to pose a serious limitation for the account. Here, I (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20.  17
    Humanity Enhanced: Genetic Choice and the Challenge for Liberal Democracies by Russell Blackford, 2013 Cambridge, MA, MIT Press248 pp., £20.95 (hb). [REVIEW]Hazem Zohny - 2014 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 31 (3):326-329.