Abstract

Leibniz maintained that even though God knows absolutely for certain that an individual will actually act in a certain way, the individual could act otherwise. In my book I argue that Leibniz meant both that God consistently conceives of actual individuals acting otherwise and that God has the efficient power, even if not, in the end, the will power, to execute those conceptions. I also argue that the seemingly intractable feeling philosophers such as Nachtomy have that Leibniz’s doctrine of complete concepts precludes this “real alternative” conception of di vine creative freedom is due to their misrepresenting or distorting that doctrine.