Abstract

Kant is often considered to be the source of the contemporary notion of human dignity and in his perspective, there is a moral symmetry between what we do to others and what we do to ourselves. However, having such a duty toward ourselves compels people to make a ‘moral’ use of their bodies and their lives. Thus, it is possible to justify, in the name of the dignity of the human person, all sorts of prohibitions. By contrast, this chapter emphasises a libertarian view, ethics that exclude moral duties to oneself and positive paternalistic duties towards others. Its main principle requires not harming others; it thus emphasises individuals’ freedom to do what they want with their own life as long as they do not harm others. In doing so, dignity becomes an unnecessary notion that fails to bring much clarity to contemporary bioethics.