Abstract

The phenomenon of crisis in philosophy of O. Spengler is analyzed. Was detected and investigated such types of crisis: «crisis of culture», «crisis of philosophy», «the historical and political crisis». The methodological aspect of the phenomenon of the crisis was studied. The form and essence of the «great crisis of our time» was considered. Modern man actualizes «crisis» for himself and the world. At the same time, he often tries to understand not so much the «essence» of the crisis, as its «existence ». In fact, the surface layer is perceived, and the depth is beyond even the possibility of knowledge. Thus, the epistemological function is secondary to the ontological. Therefore works, relevant to modern scientific knowledge, remain of those philosophers who tried to grasp not only of existence, but the very essence of the crisis. One of these authors was a representative of the German philosophy of life, Oswald Spengler. Consistent and in-depth analysis of Spengler’s philosophy might help to get closer to understanding the essence of the crisis and to comprehend the crises faced by modern man. Recent publications which partially treated researched problem, not enough open this topic. Most relevant to this issue are studies that are carried out by O. Bazaluk - Ukrainian philosopher, as well as by the Russian researcher T.Sidorinoy. The purpose of this study - a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of the crisis in Spengler’s philosophy. The main tasks will be here as the detection and study of the methodological aspects of the crisis, as well as clarification of the essence of the «crisis of modernity» represented by the German philosopher. Spengler analyzes the decline of Europe as a phenomenon as recorded in the space- time frame, and because we can assume the identity of concepts «sunset» and «crisis» in the constructions of the German philosopher, then, respectively, and the crisis is seen as a «phenomenon». Learning the «great crisis of modernity» implies methodological aspect. On the one hand - it is questioning the modern man and focus on the metaphysical context of the era. On the other hand - the understanding that there is a crisis in philosophy, and in this regard the need to find a new method to the point of historical and philosophical. This method - the «method of comparative historical morphology» is for analysis of the crisis of contemporary culture. Spengler also has a modern skepticism, historicity in essence, for the analysis of the philosophical aspects. Crisis of culture, in terms of Spengler, due to the emergence of a «world city» and the «masses». German philosopher leads the features characteristic of the «great crisis of our time». Most clearly historical- political theme consideration the phenomenon of the crisis manifested in the constructions of the German philosopher, when he analyzes the social development of the Middle Ages and modern times. Here crisis can be represented in the form of «war of succession» or in the form of a compromise. The study of the phenomenon of the crisis in Spengler’s philosophy can formulate the following conclusions: 1 ) methodological aspect is realized through the recognition of completion of a systematic and ethical philosophy, as well as the need for a new methodology. It assumes the existence of modern philosophy precisely as the history of philosophy and the main tool is planned modern skepticism, historicity in its essence. Spengler also proposes the use of «boundary» method - the «method of comparative historical morphology»; 2) «crisis of modernity», which the German philosopher writes about - is not only a crisis of culture, but also a crisis of philosophy, as well as historical and political crisis. The prospect of further studies may be that the analysis of the phenomenon of the crisis in philosophy of Spengler may expand. Including through the implementation of historical and philosophical studies by considering the phenomenon of the crisis in the constructions of other members of the «philosophy of life».