Para una “ontología” de lo social

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 71 (4):833-854 (2015)
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Abstract

Resumo Este artigo reflecte sobre a realidade do mundo social, em diálogo com a “ontologia do social”de John Searle e com a “filosofia da realidade” de Xavier Zubiri. Do ponto de vista de uma fenomenologia da praxis, a sociedade deve ser entendida, primordialmente, desde os actos compartilhados e das estruturas colectivas de acção social. Por conseguinte, isto é o que permite, entender a génesis das instituições em um nível mais radical que o da linguagem, que se situa na possibilidade humana de compartilhar actos. E, por outro lado, a perspectiva centrada nos actos permite a compreensão dos processos actuais de constituição de uma “sociedade global”, inclusive quando essa sociedade não dispõe de qualquer coisa semelhante a uma “consciência colectiva”. Palavras-chave : acções partilhadas, linguagem, ontologia, Searle, sociedade, Zubiri,This paper reflects on the reality of the social world, in dialogue with the “social ontology” of John Searle and the “philosophy of reality” of Xavier Zubiri. From the point of view of a phenomenology of practice, society has to be understood from shared actions, and from the process of collective structuring of actions. This is what allows, first, to understand the genesis of institutions in a more radical level than language. This radical level is the human capacity of sharing acts, something that does not appear among apes. And, second, the acts centered perspective enables the understanding of the current processes of formation of a “global societ”even when that society does not have anything like a “collective consciousness”. Keywords : language, ontology, Searle, shared actions, society, Zubiri

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