Kangde lun zi you: dao de zi you, fa quan zi you yu ren de zun yan = Kant on freedom: moral freedom, juridical freedom and human dignity

Taibei Shi: Guo li Taiwan da xue chu ban zhong xin (2021)
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Abstract

自由的核心概念在康德的建構中,除了奠定了道德法則與法權法則的普遍性、必然性與約束性之外,它還有一個軸心的關鍵作用,居間連結道德哲學與法權哲學。自由是實踐哲學的基本概念,藉此設定,康德業已以不言而喻的必然方式,將法權哲學的法權論,與倫理學的德行論,一併歸編列於道德哲學的大系統之內。這樣一個大系統的建構,反過來使法權哲學的法權論能夠具有道德形上學的向度,從外在的強制法,通過意念的反思建立德行,成為可能。再透過理性本體之自由理念的溯源,自由基本人權明確顯示的,即是「人作為人」不可冒犯的尊嚴。在康德通過道德法則的理性事實證成自由理念的客觀真實性之後,我們可以合理地倒反過來,從存有的觀點來鳥瞰他的道德哲學的這整個系統的基本架構,是透過一個核心作用的統籌運用:從作為核心的自由概念出發,一方面「縱向貫徹」,另外一方面「橫向一致」,動態交錯地開展出來。

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