Every art encounter requires making predictions given that art is rife with uncertainty. What is it to appreciate art while relying on predictions, and to what consequences? I argue that art appreciation involves engaging our predictive systems in such a way as to correct predictive failure at least at some levels in the processing hierarchy of information that we receive from art works. That art appreciation involves predictive processing best explains the mechanism for cognizing art works in categories, cases of (...) appreciative failure, and why art appreciation is a form of valuing. To articulate the explanatory value of predictive processing for cognizing art works in categories, I introduce a sub-type of predictions that I call art-historical estimates – i.e., predictions that take as their object the temporal relationships between works and their place in art history – and identify their features within a broader typology of predictions and related mental structures such as schemas and scripts. I examine the way predictive processing explains the correction of predictive failure, and its consequences for the affective value that we attach to the appreciation of art. (shrink)

I offer an analysis of the role of aesthetic value in the formation of cultural memory. More specifically, I examine how cultural memory is formed through cultural artifacts that embody a connection to the past via aesthetic means. My approach is motivated by artifacts from small-scale preindustrial societies, which make it apparent that aesthetic values, rather than being pursued for their own sake alone, enhance other functions, such as maintaining cultural identity and bringing the past into the present. I focus (...) on rock art painting from the Kimberley, Australia, and effigies animated during rituals in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea to argue that, to play a significant role in the formation of cultural memory, aesthetic value must be aligned with implicit conceptions of time which inform the production of artifacts mediating cultural memory. This argument has implications for understanding differences in apprehending memory values and aesthetic values across cultural domains. (shrink)

L’esthétique peut subir des transformations conceptuelles significatives lorsqu’elle est aux prises avec des formes d’art marquées du sceau de la différence culturelle. J’examine ces transformations à partir d’une étude de l’esthétique de Jean-Marie Schaeffer, notamment son rapport avec la philosophie de l’art, son évolution à la lumière des développements récents en sciences cognitives, et son interaction avec l’anthropologie de l’art. Je soutiens que le travail conceptuel de Schaeffer nous permet de comprendre comment on active esthétiquement des formes d’art provenant des (...) cultures éloignées des nôtres. Pour illustrer mon propos, je prends comme étude de cas la maison des esprits que l’on trouve parmi les peuples de la Nouvelle-Guinée, dans la région du Sepik. (shrink)

This paper examines gradients of attention in relation to aesthetic appreciation. My main claim is that we should leave open the possibility that aesthetic response might be triggered by stimulations taking place far from the centre of one’s focused attention. In support of this claim I first discuss the notion of ‘periphery of attention’ and the challenges that it poses to contemporary psychological theories of aesthetics. I provide four criteria for differentiating between several types of attentional processes and then proceed (...) to single out the characteristics of non-focal types of attention processes with varying intensity such as pre-attentive processing, the mere exposure effect and psychic overtones. Finally, I reassess the periphery of attention in the light of its relation to aesthetic appreciation. I hold that given certain constraints such as repeated exposure, perceptual learning, encoding in long-term memory, and possibility of retrieval, subdued, inconspicuous forms of stimulation can elicit aesthetic responses. (shrink)

My aim in this paper is to address some difficulties related to the development of an emerging research program called world art studies. While it originates as a European discipline in the German scholarly tradition around 1900, this program comes to the fore only recently, with recent advances in natural and cognitive sciences which hold promise for providing more inclusive categories that could serve the study of art as a worldwide phenomenon. I focus more specifically on the strengths and weaknesses (...) of psychology as explanatory framework for world art studies. Unlike the romantic art historiographers of the late 19th century, contemporary scholars no longer dwell on collective mentalities or spirits of an age but the problem of postulating mysterious faculties in relation to art behavior and aesthetic response is still present when adopting as an entry point the universality of human nature. (shrink)

The study uncovers the drama of Stei Baita (Romania), a former uranium mine, which experienced during the communism period, an intensive industrialization. This shaped the territorial pattern, cultural, economic and social relationships, with a tremendous impact on the quality of the environment which was sacrificed against a rapid of a so-called economic growth. Stei Baita is a classic example of legacy mine land and the authors aim is to capture and assess all important aspects of sustainable development within this study-case (...) of disadvantaged community living in a radon prone area. More specifically, authors introduce their responses to several questions: (1) What do we know about social, economic and environmental capital of the selected settlement?; (2) Is the legacy of a uranium mine the platform of debate for negotiating for sustainable development?; and (3) What is the role of ethics in the current context of Stei Baita? Within the framework of analysis, equity, seen as part of ethics, is valued both as the premise of the debate and mandatory requirement for human development that should target sustainability. Authors have not discussed truths, but positions on identified problems by investigating community members’ perceptions. Thus, peculiarities of this community are dealt within a thematic context (e.g., resources and environment, individual development, social system). Finally, ethics is valued as social construct built by negotiating interpretations of morally desirable situations and behaviors accepted in a particular society at a certain historical moment. This view is consistent with ethical relativism which denies the existence of a unique moral truth and which sets the understanding of Stei Baita context on the path of the “new ethics”. The “new ethics” depicts the world in nuances, allowing society to surpass obstacles to the progress of understanding. (shrink)

Education is a field that evolves constantly in relation to the changes in the society and the needs of its beneficiaries, taking over and adapting functional models from other fields. The quality of education of today’s generations has a direct impact on the future, as tomorrow's adults need to have strong key competences, but also transversal competences needed in a dynamic and competitive labour market. Thus, the knowledge society implies opening up the education system to other social sectors, exploiting the (...) paradigm of student-centred education, harnessing technology and virtual environments to create authentic learning and training contexts. Within this framework, educational coaching can be a means through which the individual potential of the learner can be discovered and optimised, with multiple benefits in personal, academic and professional terms. In order to achieve academic success, students need to know themselves, set short-, medium- and long-term goals and objectives, develop skills and competences in autonomous learning, communication, self-motivation, creative and critical thinking, emotion management etc. Through coaching activities, students can benefit from academic support and help in the process of self-discovery and personal development, optimising personal potential, collaborating and creating educational communities that share common goals and values. Placing the teacher in the position of a coach, this can contribute to the development of a multifaceted perspective related to the role of the teacher in the contemporary school, as a student’s partner in the process of his or her education. The present paper aims to explore students’ perceptions concerning the need for coaching activities in their academic life and to identify the students’ main needs and directions for optimizing actions and interventions. (shrink)

Celem artykułu jest pogłębiona analiza przyczyn i konsekwencji rozdwojenia sejmiku wiszeńskiego w 1597 r. z naciskiem na relacje polityczno-społeczne obejmujące teren dawnego województwa ruskiego oraz głównych politycznych aktorów zdarzeń: Stanisława Stadnickiego z Łańcuta, Stanisława Żółkiewskiego i Jana Zamoyskiego. Pomimo stosunkowo obfitego materiału źródłowego w postaci listów, protestacji i sejmowych diariuszy jedyna poważna próba zbadania tego tematu podjęta przez Jana Rzońcę okazała się dalece niewystarczająca, zawężając temat rozbicia sejmiku jedynie do obszaru wpływu na późniejsze obrady sejmu oraz ogólną kondycję państwa. Przeprowadzona (...) w artykule krytyczna analiza zachowanych źródeł pozwoliła w dużym stopniu zrekonstruować obrady tytułowego sejmiku, ustalić dokładne przyczyny jego rozbicia oraz powiązać zaszłe na nim zdarzenia z politycznym przesileniem, do którego doszło w województwie ruskim pod koniec roku 1597 w postaci lokalnego sojuszu Jana Zamoyskiego ze Stanisławem Stadnickim z Łańcuta. Poznanie kulis zawarcia powyższego porozumienia oraz powodów jego fiaska pozwoliło natomiast lepiej zrozumieć mechanizmy funkcjonowania stronnictwa kanclerskiego pod koniec XVI w. i stanu, w jakim się wówczas znalazło. W artykule podjęta została ponadto próba rozwikłania problemu uczestnictwa w sejmiku żołnierzy kwarcianych/prywatnych oraz zbadania ich rzeczywistego wpływu na obrady sejmiku w Wiszni. Bezrefleksyjnie przyjmowana do tej pory teoria personalnie obarczająca winą za rozbicie sejmiku hetmana polnego Stanisława Żółkiewskiego wydaje się co najmniej przesadzona, zupełnie pomijając własnowolność służących w wojsku żołnierzy oraz przysługujące im jako szlachcie prawa do uczestnictwa w życiu publicznym Rzeczypospolitej. (shrink)

Cuprins CONTUR Re-Introducere sau: Dincolo de „teoria şi practica” informării şi documentării – Spre o hermeneutică posibilă şi necesară Proiectul şi Programul PHILOBIBLON( în noua formulare) FOCUS Dana Stana, Omonimia şi paronimia în bibliologie Victoria Frâncu, Profesia de bibliotecar la graniţa dintre spaţiul bibliotecii şi ciberspaţiu Olimpia Curta, Laboratorul de informatică şi profesioniştii săi Ionel Enache, Fundamentele teoretice ale marketingului de bibliotecă Maria Petrescu, Bibliotecile digitale şi impactul lor asupra tinerilor Adriana Szekely, Liana Grigore, Bibliorev – în continuă schimbare István (...) Király V., Proiect în vederea Acreditării ISI al revistei PHILOBIBLON Valeria Salánki, Cultura organizaţională. Propunere de studiu asupra culturii organizaţionale – octombrie 2008 Marian Petcu, Originile faptului divers în presa română Tudor-George Pereverza Expresia bibliografică a Iconografiei eminesciene (Fotografie şi artă plastică, 1939-1989) Vlad A. Codrea, Gabriela-Rodica Morărescu, Forray Erzsébet, Catalogus Raritatum et Benefactorum, un manuscris reprezentativ din perioada de început a Muzeului de Ştiinţele Naturii din Aiud 4 Alin Mihai Gherman, Pornind de la o Bucoavnă necunoscută Roxana Bălăucă, Tipărituri franceze în colecţiile BCU „Lucian Blaga”: secolul al XVIII-lea Maria-Stela Constantinescu-Matiţa, Szabó Károly – bibliotecar, bibliograf şi istoric Roxana Bălăucă, Theodor Aman în Donaţia Sion Margareta Berchez, Îmbogăţirea colecţiilor Bibliotecii Universităţii de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca prin schimbul de publicaţii de-a lungul timpului Ioana Rotund, O oază francofonă la Cluj Ilona Okos-Rigó, Biblioteca şi Grădina Botanică Clujeană Gabriela Pop, Institutul de Iudaistică şi Istorie Evreiască „Dr. Moshe Carmilly” şi Biblioteca de Studii Iudaice Mariana Falup, Împrumutul interbibliotecar intern şi internaţional şi livrarea de documente la B.C.U. Cluj-Napoca ORIZONTURI Doru Radosav, Viaţa ca alterego. Petrea Icoanei: travesti şi clandestinitate în mişcarea de rezistenţă anticomunistă Ionuţ Costea, Mitbiografia între propagandă şi memorie Gabriela Morărescu ;Vlad Codrea, Preocupări pentru cunoaşterea şi protecţia naturii în scrierile unui entuziast naturalist al secolului XIX: Basiliu Basiota Alin Mihai Gherman, Vechi lexic bibliotecăresc Raluca Betea, Influenţa artei Renaşterii asupra decoraţiei icoanelor din secolele XVI-XVIII din Transilvania şi Maramureş 5 Monica Mureşan, Căsătoria civilă ca aspect al modernizării societăţii transilvănene la sfârşitul secolului al XIX –lea. – Discurs oficial şi receptare socială reflectate în presa vremii Ancuţa-Lăcrimioara Chiş, Diferenţa şi discriminarea socio-politică a femeii Irina Petraş, Casa, locul vieţii (fragmente) Monica Mureşan Pentru o istorie a morţii în peisajul istoriografic românesc - prezentarea unor contribuţii colective recente: Religiozitate şi atitudini în faţa morţii în spaţiul transilvan din premodernitate până în secolul XX, coord. Mihaela Grancea, 2005 şi Discursuri despre moarte în Transilvania secolelor XVI-XX, coord Mihaela Grancea şi Ana Dumitran, 2006. REFLEXII Olimpia Curta, Reviste electronice. Baze şi perspective de Alice Keller – Recenzie Adrian Grănescu, Arhitectura Clinicilor Universitare din Cluj 1886-1903 Dorina Buia, Itinerar de suflet la Tăul Muced Raluca Soare, De la teoriile ataşamentului la tehnicile de intervenţie în psihoterapie. (Školka Enikő – Teorii explicative, Modele şi Tehnici de intervenţie în psihologie clinică şi psihoterapie) Sidonia Nedeianu Grama, Mitbiografia politică în istoria orală Raluca Soare, Opera bibliothecariorum 1990-2007 – Recenzie Ionuţ Costea, Kovács Mária, A kolozsvári „Lucian Blaga” Központi Egyetemi Könyvtár 19. századi magyar nyelvű kéziratainak katalógusa. Első kötet: történelmi és földrajzi kéziratok/ Catalogul manuscriselor maghiare din secolul al 19-lea din colecţiile Bibliotecii Centrale Universitare „Lucian Blaga” Volumul I: Manuscrise de istorie şi geografie, Editura Argonaut, Cluj-Napoca, 2007, 218 p. – Recenzie 6 Ana Maria Căpâlneanu, Lola Maria Petrescu – Biblioteca şi provocările secolului XXI, Cluj-Napoca: Risoprint, 2007 István Király V, Bibliografia ca instrument al clarificării de sine Kinga Tamás, Viorica Sâncrăian - un coleg şi un bibliotecar de excepţie În colecţia BIBLIOTHECA BIBLIOLOGICA au apărut Revista PHILOBIBLON – Volumele apărute. (shrink)