The present study propose a comparison between Origen and Ambrose with regard to Magnificat’s exegesis: Origen (HLc VIII) explain the hymn for above all to prove the manifestation of the Spirit in Mary and in Mary as well as in every perfect soul but the soul’s perfection be realized only by using virtuous life following the virtuous Mary’s example. Whereas the Ambrose’s exegesis (Exp. in Lc. 2,26-28) emphasize the Mary’s faith, model for our faith. “Anima mea magnificat Dominum” in Origen’s (...) exegesis convey primarily a psychic and spiritual typus while a ethic typus in Ambrose's interpretation. (shrink)

This paper develops a dialogue on value and measurement in education that began at a special symposium at ECER in September 2015. The paper seeks to continue the dialogue by commenting on the main respondent’s contribution from Network 9. We hope to clarify how different sides of the assessment debate can be misunderstood by others. What emerges in our paper is suggestive but nonetheless points to how thinking in opposing camps can limit our understanding of assessment as a human activity. (...) Taking up key points made by the respondent to the symposium, we focus on the comparison between the requirements of design in technological problem-solving situations and those that arise when we take seriously the requirements of assessment and valuing as a human activity. This discussion sets up a wider analysis of the problem of ethics across the sciences and humanities historically. While remaining tentative, the discussion points to a particular problem related to our ability to defend practical rationality agains.. (shrink)

Le courant de la cognition sociale a conceptualisé plusieurs modèles de la catégorisation décrivant les manières avec lesquelles les individus organisent leurs connaissances sur les groupes sociaux. Les trois principaux modèles - les entités, les prototypes, et les exemplaires - détaillent les caractéristiques formelles du groupe. Cet article présente ces modèles et, en adoptant une perspective psychosociologique, il en souligne une limite importante : leur silence en ce qui concerne les conditions qui en déterminent l'actualisation dans les cognitions individuelles. La (...) conclusion s'attarde sur l'apport de ces modèles qui, dès lors qu'ils abandonnent leur prétention d'englober la totalité des activités cognitives individuelles, constituent des outils nécessaires pour comprendre les dynamiques de représentations sociales chez les membres des groupes dominants et des groupes dominés.The cognitive tradition in social psychology has conceptualized several models of categorization. Each model emphasizes the emergence of a single representation of the social group . However, when defining a model of the social group, individual positions in the social structure and the interactions of these individuals are not systematically taken into account. The present contribution argues for the adequacy of the theory of social representations to uncover the antecedent conditions of individuals’ use of various representations of the social group. Research examples will show how models of the social group which are generally considered antagonistic develop concurrently, depending on the target group to which they are applied. (shrink)

The ability to represent, discriminate, and perform arithmetic operations on discrete quantities (numerosities) has been documented in a variety of species of different taxonomic groups, both vertebrates and invertebrates. We do not know, however, to what extent similarity in behavioral data corresponds to basic similarity in underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for magnitude representation, both discrete (countable) and continuous, following the sensory input path from primary sensory systems to associative pallial territories in the vertebrate brains. We also speculate (...) on possible underlying mechanisms in invertebrate brains and on the role played by modeling with artificial neural networks. This may provide a general overview on the nervous system involvement in approximating quantity in different animal species, and a general theoretical framework to future comparative studies on the neurobiology of number cognition. (shrink)

The immense wealth of Greek and Latin Christian epistolography shows that in the first five centuries, the type of the letter reflects particularly the numerous topics in which theological and doctrinal issues, ecclesial and liturgical matters, and moral and social developmental questions are addressed. The epistolary genre increasingly becomes richer and more diversified as each letter bears witness to the faith and culture of its author. The pedagogical purpose remains dominant while the contents reflect the many issues and problems that (...) concern both the sender and receiver in matters of doctrine, the Church, and the reality of social life. The line of argument and style indicate at the same time the author’s culture and heritage as received from the classical tradition. (shrink)

In Letter 108, Jerome describes the itinerary of Paula from Rome to Bethlehem. This section introduces hagiographic and exegetical elements: the route becomes the celebration and memory of exemplary pietas while the places consent once more to the teaching of the Scripture and the inalienable principle “from letter to spirit”.

Neste texto apresentamos considerações sobre o agendamento midiático-esportivo realizado em relação aos Jogos Pan-americanos Rio/2007, enfatizando aspectos teórico-conceituais da teoria do agendamento (agenda-setting), bem como evidenciando algumas estratégias utilizadas pela mídia no tocante ao evento, como a utilização de elementos da identidade nacional e a figura dos ídolos esportivos.