La France est une nation légère - ce lieu commun antique est abondamment repris tout au long du XVIIIe siècle, témoignant de profonds bouleversements axiologiques, scientifiques et éthiques, dont ce volume collectif cherche à mesurer l'importance et les enjeux, en racontant l'histoire d'un autre siècle des Lumières: celle d'un siècle de la Légèreté. Ce volume collectif offre une perspective interdisciplinaire, croisant les champs d'études concernés par la question de la légèreté. Les 15 articles réunis analysent tant la peinture que la (...) morale, tant les sciences que l'histoire politique, tant la littérature que les technologies ou l'économie. Ensemble, ces articles révèlent la complexité de la légèreté au dix-huitième siècle, en proposant non seulement des analyses nouvelles originales de sources bien connues (Hogarth, Fontenelle ou Voltaire) mais aussi des découvertes de textes et des objets moins souvent étudiés (La Morlière, le Père Castel, Octave Uzanne, les cabriolets ou les parfums). L'un des atouts principaux de cette recherche est son approche critique et historiographique de la légèreté qui remet en question la façon dont s'écrit l'Histoire. Derrière les idées reçues, ce livre découvre les enjeux nationaux, diplomatiques, voire parfois aussi existentiels qui ont participé à la construction des représentations du dix-huitième siècle français. (shrink)

Universal logic is to logic what universal algebra is to algebra. It is not a specific system of logic that would apply to everything but a general theory of all existing and possible logics. This new field has been slowly emerging through the new directions of research in logic of the past decades and the name was coined 15 years ago. In the Spring of 2005 was organized in Montreux, Switzerland, the First World Congress on Universal Logic. This exciting event (...) gathered more than 200 people from about 40 different countries. Many famous logicians were present there, such as Dov Gabbay, Krister Segerberg, Saul Kripke, Michael Dunn, Jouko Väännänen. Most of the papers in this book arose from talks - and discussions that follow - presented during this event. They are concerned with philosophical and historical approaches discussing the basic concepts of logic and reflecting the meaning of a universal approach to logic, the development and elaboration of general tools in order to construct frameworks useful for studying classes of logics, applications of logics to concrete problems through the universal perspective. (shrink)

Worldwide populations are aging with economic development as a result of public health initiatives and advances in therapeutic discoveries. Since 1850, life expectancy has advanced by 1 year for every four. Accompanying this change is the rapid development of anti‐aging science. There are three schools of thought in the field of aging science. One perspective is the life course approach, which considers that aging is a good and natural process to be embraced as a necessary and positive aspect of life, (...) where the aim is to improve the quality of existing lifespan and “compress” morbidity. Another view is that aging is undesirable, and that rejuvenation and indeed immortality are possible since the biological basis of aging is understood, and therefore, strategies are possible for engineering negligible senescence. Finally, a hybrid approach is that life span can be extended by anti‐aging medicines but with uncertain effects on health. While these advances offer much promise, the ethical perspectives are seldom discussed in cross‐disciplinary settings. This article discusses some of the key ethical issues arising from recent advances in biogerontology. (shrink)

(2012). Foreword. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics: Vol. 22, SPECIAL ISSUE 1: Uses of Non-Classical Logic: Foundational Issues; SPECIAL ISSUE 2: Formal Models of Norm Change, pp. 1-1. doi: 10.1080/11663081.2012.682433.

This volume presents an extended version of the contributions presented at the workshop "Kant's Concept of Law" held at the 26th World Congress of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (IVR) in 2013. It handles issues of applied legal philosophy in Kant's Doctrine of Right such as ownership, the alleged right of necessity, the right of resistance and the right of revolution. With each of these applied issues, the focus lies, on the one hand, on the (...) relationship between the principles a priori of law and of the duties of rights, as well as their normative requirements - for instance, the duty of independence from the coercion by others - and, on the other hand, empirical situations and their pressing demands. Thus, this volume illustrates how Kant concretely conceives of the doctrine of "first metaphysical of the doctrine of right" as supplying "the immutable principles for any giving of positive law". Each essay of this volume not only undertakes a careful and original interpretation of Kant's theses, but also offers a critical assessment. (shrink)

O ensaio “Transcendência do ego – esboço de uma descrição fenomenológica” pode ser considerado o marco zero da identidade filosófica de Sartre. Tal afirmacão, como é de se imaginar, não se deve apenas às razões cronológicas – o primeiro texto propriamente filosófico e de larga visada escrito pelo autor.

Les paysages méditerranéens? La construction de leur histoire comme l'expérience de leur aventure esthétique sont fécondées par les migrations, les nomadismes, les rencontres et les commerces géographiques (Fernand Braudel, La Méditerranée). Dans cette perspective, cet essai rend d'abord compte d'une poétique à l'oeuvre dans l'espace méditerranéen, puis d'une représentation en excès où se manifeste un goût des artistes méditerranéens pour l'art des contraires... Les paysages y apparaîtront, dès lors, comme une plate-forme de rencontres inter-sémiotiques, comme une mer des passages entre (...) les images, les textes et les sons dont l'espace et son expression seraient, ici, les dépositaires, le miroir et l'arborescence. Logique de la mappemonde, note sur l'espace (pourquoi méditerranéen?) est accompagné d'un cahier iconographique de photographies de Florence Chevallier, Bernard Guillot, François Méchain, Corinne Mercadier, Bernard Plossu, ainsi que de photogrammes extraits de films de Jean-Luc Godard et de Jean-Daniel Pollet. (shrink)

Segundo uma célebre tese defendida por Philip Pettit, um agente é livre conquanto cada uma de suas ações seja não somente acessível, mas também não-dominada, no sentido de que ninguém tenha o poder de bloquear o acesso a tais ações. Através de contraexemplos, esse artigo procura demonstrar que a vontade de eliminar a dominação pode diminuir antes que reforçar a liberdade individual.

Entre la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et le début des années 1960, certaines des figures majeures du courant phénoménologique en France, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty et Trần Đức Thảo, considèrent que le projet d’articuler marxisme et phénoménologie constitue l’un des principaux enjeux de la philosophie dans le monde contemporain. L'objet de cet ouvrage est de comprendre la spécificité du travail philosophique effectué par chacun de ces penseurs sur ces deux courants de pensée apparemment incompatibles afin de rendre (...) possible leur synthèse. L'auteur retrace la manière dont le projet initial de 1944 a été progressivement mis en question et reconfiguré au contact des mutations politiques et historiques, des débats philosophiques et du développement des sciences humaines. Ce volume, qui s’adresse aux étudiants et chercheurs, met ainsi en lumière les enjeux et les innovations conceptuelles de ce qui reste l'un des moments les plus féconds et originaux de la philosophie française contemporaine. This text covers the period between the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the 1960s, when the phenomenological school in France was represented by Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Tran Duc Thao, who endeavored to combine Marxism with phenomenology as the major task of philosophy in the modern world. The object of this text is to understand the specificity of the philosophical work each performed on these two apparently incompatible schools of thought, in order to make their synthesis possible. The author traces the way in which the initial project of 1944 was progressively questioned and reworked in the wake of political and historical change, philosophical debates and the development of human sciences. This volume appeals to students and researchers while bringing to light the underlying stakes and conceptual innovations of what remains one of the most fertile and original moments in contemporary French philosophy. (shrink)

Lors de la récente « rétrospective » de l’œuvre de Bertrand Lavier au Centre Georges Pompidou à Paris, on pouvait voir, dans une des dernières salles de l’exposition, comme une « sorte » de peinture gestuelle, une toile ou un panneau, présentant de longs gestes enroulés, blancs, comme dans les plus « belles » des peintures de l’abstraction lyrique. La relation entre le support et la matière laisse à peine entrevoir qu’il ne s’agit pas tout à fait d’une peinture à (...) proprement parler. En examina... (shrink)

En 1785, Alexander Cozens publie un court traité, un manuel à l’usage des jeunes peintres les invitant à utiliser la tache et le hasard comme préalable à la composition de paysages. En 1969, Jean Messagier élabore une technique, « le Gel », pour parfaire un certain nombre de ses compositions. Cet article s’articule autour d’une mise en perspective de ces deux expériences. Il vise à porter un regard sur les rapports que l’art du paysage entretient avec l’abstraction, avant même (...) qu’elle n’existe ou au cœur de son plein épanouissement et propose de réfléchir à l’utilité ou la vacuité d’un tel débat. Il brosse une histoire rapide de l’utilisation de la tache et du hasard dans l’histoire de la création et enfin, il présente la position singulière de Jean Messagier au sein de l’histoire de la peinture abstraite et propose d’engager une étude plus fine de l’œuvre de ce dernier. (shrink)

O texto em questão apresenta o primeiro esboço de uma pesquisa mais ampla acerca da “Transcendência do Ego”, de J.-P. Sartre. Seu desenvolvimento, ora apresentado, pretende articular o sentido mais geral da fenomenologia de Husserlcom a aclimatação, algo abruta, feita por Sartre, no referido texto, da fenomenologia husserliana. Para isso, há que se levar em conta, parece-nos, tanto os problemas propriamente sartreanos que orientam seus interesses teóricos e a dita aclimatação, quanto os limites propriamente husserlianos para tal.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a prolific writer, a multifaceted naturalist, and a zoologist by second profession. Throughout his adult life he lived up to his passion of politely contributing to the advancement of natural philosophy by publishing more than 30,000 pages, probably too much for even the most scrupulous historians of science who seek to reconstruct his theories and to shed some light on the role he played in late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century biology.

Introduction / par Paola ZAMBELLI (pp. vii-xx). Présentation (p. xxi). Brève chronologie d'Alexandre Koyré (pp. xxiii-xxiv). L'œuvre d'Alexandre Koyré (pp. 3-95). La littérature secondaire (pp. 99- 127). Index (pp. 131-194).

The article develops three complementary lines of argument. It first points to the great theoretical gap that characterizes Koselleck's work: quasi-transcendental anthropology on the one hand, and historical semantics on the other. The hybrid status of historical semantics, both macro- and micro- sociological, is also specified. Secondly, the article critiques the neo-Hobbesianism implicit in Koselleck's historical ontology. Departing from Jean Baechler's anthropology, it reformulates the conceptual framework within which the initial foundational ambition could be maintained without however renewing the (...) aporiai of the Koselleckian systematics. Finally, it asks how to connect the three M's (the meta-historical, the macro- and the micro-sociological levels). The solution focuses on the core aspects of the intermediate, macro-sociological level to make the case for a heuristic reciprocal hybridization of meta-historical anthropology, of comparative historical sociology and of the pragmatic history of historical semantics. (shrink)

This chapter (in French) compares the ways to access to events in science and in art. In particular, the Déotte's concept of "appareil" is discussed. To be published in Jean-Louis Déotte and Sylvestra Mariniello (ed.), Appareil et Intermédialité, L'Harmattan, 2007.

The psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan (1901–81) left a legacy of thought that increasingly commands the attention of American scholars and critics. His provocative essays and wide-ranging seminars and lectures attempted, with remarkable success, to bridge the supposedly unbridgeable gap between the humanities and modern science. For some time his influence has shadowed the theoretical work being done in philosophy, psychology, anthropology, women’s studies, and literature. In Lacan and the Human Sciences eight eminent scholars examine how ideas entered these fields, how well (...) they were understood and adapted, and what fruit they have produced. The editor, Alexandre Leupin, whose introduction reveals the underpinnings of Lacan’s thought, views the book as a blueprint for overcoming the present impasses of scientific and humanistic discourses and their imaginary contradictions. The essays demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The relevance of his work to epistemology is considered by Jean-Claude Milner, François Regnault, and Ellie Ragland-Sullivan; to anthropology, by Jean-Joseph Goux; to feminist studies, by Jane Gallop; and to literature, by Dennis Porter and Denis Hollier. The result is a book that points to a new and more pertinent way of dealing, on one hand, with the problems of epistemology and, on the other, with the question of literary theory in the humanities. (shrink)

L'idealisme radical de Jean-Michel Le Lannou conteste l'identification de la pensee et de la representation. Loin de soumettre a la vacuite et la mort, l'abstraction manifeste ses puissances d'exces. Plus rien ne nous oblige a persister dans notre amour du fini. Pourtant, la philosophie s'est longtemps meprise sur elle-meme. D'ou provient une telle mesentente sur le desir du penser? Montrer comment la pensee a pu ainsi se fourvoyer sur elle-meme doit permettre d'entreprendre sa liberation definitive. Les etudes reunies ici (...) s'attachent avec ambition a eclairer ce mouvement insurrectionnel d'une pensee qui refuse de se laisser retenir par la particularite et qui, dans son detachement meme, rejoint l'affirmation substantielle la plus intense. (shrink)