A discussão nos livros dos Tópicos giram em torno dos debates dialéticos e seus elementos. Aristóteles discorre sobre os gêneros, as propriedades e os chamados acidentes e suas relações predicativas em categorias. Interessa-nos, sobretudo, compreender o papel desempenhado pela Definição e qual sua relação com os demais instrumentos para a dialética.

Examinaremos a trajectória da meditação do pensador paulista Milton Vargas em torno do problema das relações entre conhecimento e verdade, a partir das obras de Jaspers e Popper, bem como seus desdobramentos no horizonte das relações entre ciência e técnica, ciência e poesia.

Descartes is widely portrayed as the arch proponent of “the epistemological transparency of thought” (or simply, “Transparency”). The most promising version of this view—Transparency-through-Introspection—says that introspecting (i.e., inwardly attending to) a thought guarantees certain knowledge of that thought. But Descartes rejects this view and provides numerous counterexamples to it. I argue that, instead, Descartes’s theory of self-knowledge is just an application of his general theory of knowledge. According to his general theory, certain knowledge is acquired only through clear and distinct (...) intellection. Thus, in his view, certain knowledge of one’s thoughts is acquired only through clear and distinct intellection of one’s thoughts. Introspection is a form of intellection and it can be clear and distinct. Ordinarily, however, introspection isn’t clear and distinct but is instead confused with dubitable perceptions of bodies. To make introspection clear and distinct, we need to “sharply separate” it from all perceptions of bodies by doubting all perceptions of bodies. Without such radical doubt, introspection remains confused and we lack certain knowledge not just of the specific features of our thoughts, but even of the minimal claim that a thought exists. Far from being the high priest of Transparency, Descartes is radically opposed to it. (shrink)

The options in a decision problem generally have outcomes with common features. Putting aside the common features simplifies deliberations, but the simplification requires a philosophical justification that this book provides.

The first book-length study of a leading tenth-century Ismaili theoretician Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani.

Procuramos apresentar a via em direção ao sagrado trilhada por Dora Ferreira da Silva, poetisa brasileira contemporânea, partindo de uma aproximação aos mitos gregos e chegando à mística cristã para expressar sua experiência do sagrado. A busca de Dora é um dos aspectos da meditação sobre o sagrado que marcou as indagações da "Escola de Sao Paulo", grupo de poetas, escritores, artistas e filósofos que se caracterizou por uma interpretação crítica do mundo e da cultura atuais. We try to present (...) the way to the sacred tried by Dora Ferreira da Silva, Brazilian contemporary poetess. She begins his search by an approach to the Greek mythology and she arrives at the Christian mysticism to express the experience of the Holy. Dora's search is an aspect of the research about the sacred that characterizes the "School of São Paulo", group of poets, philosophers, artists that lives at São Paulo, Brazil, and that is characterized by your critical interpretation of the world and the contemporary culture. (shrink)

The centrality of death rituals has in anthropologically informed studies of Buddhism been little documented. The current volume brings together a range of perspectives on Buddhist death rituals including ethnographic, textual, historical and theoretically informed accounts, and presents the diversity of the Buddhist funeral cultures of mainland Southeast Asia and China. It arises out of the University of Bristol's Centre for Buddhist Studies research project Buddhist Death Rituals in Southeast Asia and China, funded by the United Kingdom's Arts and Humanities (...) Research Council. This project involved extensive new research in Thailand, Laos and China. Other items from that project included several public exhibitions, extensive stills photographs, and several video films. The project-team produced two 30 minutes films on the ghost festival in Laos and China, one on urban funerals in Chiang Mai (Thailand) and several shorter clips dealing with funeral cultures in Laos, Thailand and China. Most of this material (and an extensive bibliography on the topic) is available free of charge from the project website located at the webpage of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies (Centre for Buddhist Studies) at the University of Bristol. (shrink)

This article contends that the evolution toward interdisciplinary collaboration that we are witnessing in the sciences must also occur in the humanities to ensure their very survival. That is, humanists must be open to working with scientists and social scientists interested in similar research questions and vice versa. Digital humanities is a positive first step. Complexity science should be the next step. Even though much of the ground-breaking work in complexity science has been done in the natural sciences and mathematics, (...) it can, if critically adapted, provide the needed metaphor for a broad integration of disciplines, humanistic and otherwise. Given its almost a-disciplinary nature, a complexity approach to the research problems in the humanities necessarily breaks down silos. Moreover, it can restore and reframe the seamless intellectual fabric sought by researchers before the atomization of the various disciplines in the nineteenthcentury academy. (shrink)

Zusammenfassungen der Referate in französischer Sprache.

An agent often does not have precise probabilities or utilities to guide resolution of a decision problem. I advance a principle of rationality for making decisions in such cases. To begin, I represent the doxastic and conative state of an agent with a set of pairs of a probability assignment and a utility assignment. Then I support a decision principle that allows any act that maximizes expected utility according to some pair of assignments in the set. Assuming that computation of (...) an option's expected utility uses comprehensive possible outcomes that include the option's risk, no consideration supports a stricter requirement. (shrink)

Schelling und Hegel benutzen in ihren philosophischen Texten mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Modelle wie Unendlichkeit oder Gleichgewicht. Die Strukturen dieser Begriffe liefern einen Massstab fur den Vergleich der Positionen Schellings und Hegels, der fur Schellings Identitatsphilosophie und Hegels erste Jenaer Schriften durchgefuhrt wird. Als wichtigstes Resultat kann eine grundlegende Differenz zwischen beiden Positionen bereits um 1801 nachgewiesen und gezeigt werden, dass diese auf einer unterschiedlichen Auffassung der Rolle des Absoluten beruht.

Die MISCELLANEA MEDIAEVALIA präsentieren seit ihrer Gründung durch Paul Wilpert im Jahre 1962 Arbeiten des Thomas-Instituts der Universität zu Köln. Das Kernstück der Publikationsreihe bilden die Akten der im zweijährigen Rhythmus stattfindenden Kölner Mediaevistentagungen, die vor über 50 Jahren von Josef Koch, dem Gründungsdirektor des Instituts, ins Leben gerufen wurden. Der interdisziplinäre Charakter dieser Kongresse prägt auch die Tagungsakten: Die MISCELLANEA MEDIAEVALIA versammeln Beiträge aus allen mediävistischen Disziplinen - die mittelalterliche Geschichte, die Philosophie, die Theologie sowie die Kunst- und Literaturwissenschaften (...) sind Teile einer Gesamtbetrachtung des Mittelalters. (shrink)

Like Plato, Protagoras held that young children learn virtue from fine examples in poetry. Unlike Plato, Protagoras taught adults by correcting the diction of poets. In this paper I ask what his standard of correctness might be, and what benefit he intended his students to take from exercises in correction. If his standard of correctness is truth, then he may intend his students to learn by questioning the content of poems; that would be suggestive of Plato’s program in Republic III. (...) But his standard is more likely to be the accurate use of language; in that case he would intend his students to learn to express their thoughts clearly enough that their audience would understand what they were saying. That standard would be independent of the truth of what they are saying; and that would be a precursor to modern techniques by which we try to teach speaking and writing. Truth is not so easy to escape, however, and we shall see that Protagoras’ exercise must assume that the poet is trying to tell the truth. (shrink)

This essay deals with the energy crisis in the context of a philosophical reflection about the environment. The text presents a general view of the subject of energy and delves into the concepts of responsibility and care expressed by thinkers Hans Jonas and Martin Heidegger.

Extends the ideas of social constructivism to the philosophy of mathematics, developing a powerful critique of traditional absolutist conceptions of mathematics, and proposing a reconceptualization of the philosophy of mathematics.

Fenomenologia e Educação na perspectiva de Creusa Capalbo Resumo: Creusa Capalbo fez seu doutorado em Filosofia na Universidade Católica de Louvain. Faleceu em 2017, aos 83 anos, e deixou uma obra centrada na meditação sobre Fenomenologia e Ciências Humanas. Editou um livro com esse título, cujo sexto capítulo aborda o tema Fenomenologia e Educação. Mostrando invulgar erudição e fazendo a crítica de pensadores que reduzem a educação à adequação ou à revolta contra a sociedade industrial, Creusa Capalbo entende que o (...) papel da educação é o de propiciar a introdução de valores que assegurem a realização do bem comum. Inspira-se, para tanto, nas meditações exponenciais de Husserl, Scheler, Buber, dentre outros autores. Retomando as meditações desses pensadores, Creusa Capalbo realiza um percurso admirável, sublinhando sua fidelidade ao tema da Filosofia da Educação.Palavras-chave: Fenomenologia; Crítica filosófica; Educação; Bem-comum. Phenomenology and Education from Creusa Capalbo’s perspective: Creusa Capalbo did her PHD in Philosophy at the Catholic University of Louvain. She died in 2017, at the age of 83, and her work reflects the Phenomenology and the Human Sciences. In fact, she edited a book with that title, whose sixth chapter accounts the topics of Phenomenology and Education. Creusa Capalbo, with a lot of scholarship and criticizing the philosophers who reduce education to adequacy or to conflict against industrial society, she defends an education with values that support the realization of the common good. For this, she was inspired, among other philosophers, by Husserl’s, Scheler’s and Buber’s ideas. Resuming their thoughts, Creusa Capalbo did a great way, emphasizing her fidelity to the Philosophy of Education.Key Words: Phenomenology; Philosophical criticism; Education; Common good. Phénoménologie et Éducation dans la perspective de Creusa Capalbo Résumé: Creusa Capalbo a fait son doctorat en Philosophie dans l'Université Catholique de Louvain. Elle est décédée à 2017, avec 83 années, et elle a laissé une oeuvre axée sur la méditation au sujet de la Phénoménologie et les Sciences Humaines. Elle a publié un livre avec ce même titre, dont le 6ème chapitre étudie le sujet: Phénoménologie et Éducation. Sa remarcable érudition et sa critique des philosophes contemporains qui circonscrivent l'éducation soit à l'adéquation, soit à la révolte contre la société industrielle, l'amenèrent a affirmer que le rôle de l´éducation est celui de favoriser l'introduction dans la société des valeurs qui puissent assurér la réalisation du bien commun. Elle s'inspire, dans la proposition de cette perspective, dans les méditations de Husserl, Scheller, Buber, parmi d'autres penseurs, et elle réalise un parcours admirable, qui souligne sa fidélité au sujet de la philosophie de l'éducation.Mots clés: Phénoménologie; Critique philosophique; Éducation; Bien commun. Data de registro: 20/08/2020Data de aceite: 30/11/2020. (shrink)

Paul Weithman offers a fresh, rigorous, and compelling interpretation of John Rawls's reasons for taking his so-called "political turn.".

_A Communion of Subjects_ is the first comparative and interdisciplinary study of the conceptualization of animals in world religions. Scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including Thomas Berry (cultural history), Wendy Doniger (study of myth), Elizabeth Lawrence (veterinary medicine, ritual studies), Marc Bekoff (cognitive ethology), Marc Hauser (behavioral science), Steven Wise (animals and law), Peter Singer (animals and ethics), and Jane Goodall (primatology) consider how major religious traditions have incorporated animals into their belief systems, myths, rituals, and art. Their (...) findings offer profound insights into humans' relationships with animals and a deeper understanding of the social and ecological web in which we all live. Contributors examine Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Daoism, Confucianism, African religions, traditions from ancient Egypt and early China, and Native American, indigenous Tibetan, and Australian Aboriginal traditions, among others. They explore issues such as animal consciousness, suffering, sacrifice, and stewardship in innovative methodological ways. They also address contemporary challenges relating to law, biotechnology, social justice, and the environment. By grappling with the nature and ideological features of various religious views, the contributors cast religious teachings and practices in a new light. They reveal how we either intentionally or inadvertently marginalize "others," whether they are human or otherwise, reflecting on the ways in which we assign value to living beings. Though it is an ancient concern, the topic of "Religion and Animals" has yet to be systematically studied by modern scholars. This groundbreaking collection takes the first steps toward a meaningful analysis. (shrink)

General information -- The animals themselves -- Philosophical arguments -- Laws -- Political realities -- Social realities -- Education and the arts -- Contemporary sciences -- Major figures and organizations in the animal rights movement -- The future of animal rights.