The PhilPapers SurveysHighest linear correlations (Back to contents)

Correlations with: AOS:General Philosophy of Science

N = 931 (target faculty). Cut-off = +/-0.05

n < 10 omitted. Some redundant or trivial correlations are not shown.

Jump to: Main Survey questions | Philosophical orientation | Background questions

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Main Survey questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
Knowledge:empiricism0.181
empiricism rationalism
General Philosophy of Science
67%(63/94)
12.7%(12/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
39%(322/825)
36.9%(305/825)
Response pairs: 919   p-value: < 0.001
Meta-ethics:moral anti-realism0.141
moral anti-realism moral realism
General Philosophy of Science
49.4%(44/89)
44.9%(40/89)
not General Philosophy of Science
26.7%(216/807)
64.3%(519/807)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
Mind:physicalism0.129
non-physicalism physicalism
General Philosophy of Science
14.8%(14/94)
78.7%(74/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
29.2%(241/824)
58.4%(482/824)
Response pairs: 918   p-value: < 0.001
not Moral judgment:cognitivism0.126
cognitivism non-cognitivism
General Philosophy of Science
60.9%(53/87)
32.1%(28/87)
not General Philosophy of Science
72.3%(570/788)
19%(150/788)
Response pairs: 875   p-value: < 0.001
Time:B-theory0.123
A-theory B-theory
General Philosophy of Science
17.4%(11/63)
60.3%(38/63)
not General Philosophy of Science
31.1%(162/520)
44.4%(231/520)
Response pairs: 583   p-value: 0.002
Normative ethics:consequentialism0.115
consequentialism not consequentialism
General Philosophy of Science
41.3%(36/87)
43.6%(38/87)
not General Philosophy of Science
25.8%(184/713)
60.3%(430/713)
Response pairs: 800   p-value: 0.001
Personal identity:biological view0.109
biological view not biological view
General Philosophy of Science
32.4%(25/77)
44.1%(34/77)
not General Philosophy of Science
17.9%(132/736)
61.5%(453/736)
Response pairs: 813   p-value: 0.001
Abstract objects:nominalism0.109
Platonism nominalism
General Philosophy of Science
25.8%(24/93)
64.5%(60/93)
not General Philosophy of Science
42.9%(344/801)
46.3%(371/801)
Response pairs: 894   p-value: 0.001
Metaphilosophy:naturalism0.102
naturalism non-naturalism
General Philosophy of Science
68.1%(62/91)
18.6%(17/91)
not General Philosophy of Science
53.1%(406/764)
31.4%(240/764)
Response pairs: 855   p-value: 0.002
A priori knowledge:no0.099
no yes
General Philosophy of Science
31.5%(29/92)
58.6%(54/92)
not General Philosophy of Science
17.6%(146/826)
74.6%(617/826)
Response pairs: 918   p-value: 0.002
Laws of nature:Humean0.092
Humean non-Humean
General Philosophy of Science
42.3%(39/92)
52.1%(48/92)
not General Philosophy of Science
24.8%(192/772)
65%(502/772)
Response pairs: 864   p-value: 0.006
Perceptual experience:representationalism0.08
representationalism not representationalism
General Philosophy of Science
55.5%(40/72)
33.3%(24/72)
not General Philosophy of Science
39.2%(253/644)
44.7%(288/644)
Response pairs: 716   p-value: 0.032
God:atheism0.079
theism atheism
General Philosophy of Science
3.2%(3/93)
83.8%(78/93)
not General Philosophy of Science
16.1%(133/824)
75.7%(624/824)
Response pairs: 917   p-value: 0.016
Science:scientific anti-realism0.076
scientific realism scientific anti-realism
General Philosophy of Science
60.8%(56/92)
20.6%(19/92)
not General Philosophy of Science
79.2%(645/814)
14.6%(119/814)
Response pairs: 906   p-value: 0.022
Epistemic justification:externalism0.071
internalism externalism
General Philosophy of Science
21.3%(19/89)
53.9%(48/89)
not General Philosophy of Science
34.6%(270/779)
48.2%(376/779)
Response pairs: 868   p-value: 0.036
Knowledge claims:relativism0.07
relativism not relativism
General Philosophy of Science
3.4%(3/86)
77.9%(67/86)
not General Philosophy of Science
3.3%(24/714)
85.9%(614/714)
Response pairs: 800   p-value: 0.047
not Free will:libertarianism0.069
libertarianism not libertarianism
General Philosophy of Science
5.6%(5/89)
82%(73/89)
not General Philosophy of Science
15.1%(123/810)
76%(616/810)
Response pairs: 899   p-value: 0.038
Zombies:conceivable but not metaphysically possible0.066
conceivable but not metaphysically possible not conceivable but not metaphysically possible
General Philosophy of Science
48.7%(39/80)
37.5%(30/80)
not General Philosophy of Science
39.1%(292/745)
47.1%(351/745)
Response pairs: 825   p-value: 0.058
Aesthetic value:subjective0.064
objective subjective
General Philosophy of Science
36.6%(33/90)
47.7%(43/90)
not General Philosophy of Science
46.3%(373/805)
38.6%(311/805)
Response pairs: 895   p-value: 0.055
not Normative ethics:deontology0.062
deontology not deontology
General Philosophy of Science
20.6%(18/87)
64.3%(56/87)
not General Philosophy of Science
31.2%(223/713)
54.8%(391/713)
Response pairs: 800   p-value: 0.079
not Zombies:metaphysically possible0.058
metaphysically possible not metaphysically possible
General Philosophy of Science
20%(16/80)
66.2%(53/80)
not General Philosophy of Science
26.9%(201/745)
59.3%(442/745)
Response pairs: 825   p-value: 0.095
Politics:libertarianism0.056
libertarianism not libertarianism
General Philosophy of Science
15.3%(12/78)
65.3%(51/78)
not General Philosophy of Science
11.8%(80/673)
70.5%(475/673)
Response pairs: 751   p-value: 0.125
Free will:no free will0.056
no free will free will
General Philosophy of Science
16.8%(15/89)
70.7%(63/89)
not General Philosophy of Science
12.2%(99/810)
79%(640/810)
Response pairs: 899   p-value: 0.093
not Perceptual experience:qualia theory0.054
qualia theory not qualia theory
General Philosophy of Science
11.1%(8/72)
77.7%(56/72)
not General Philosophy of Science
16.4%(106/644)
67.5%(435/644)
Response pairs: 716   p-value: 0.148
not Personal identity:further-fact view0.05
further-fact view not further-fact view
General Philosophy of Science
5.1%(4/77)
71.4%(55/77)
not General Philosophy of Science
14.9%(110/736)
64.5%(475/736)
Response pairs: 813   p-value: 0.154

Philosophical orientation

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
AOS:Philosophy of Physical Science0.3
Philosophy of Physical Science not Philosophy of Physical Science
General Philosophy of Science
28.7%(27/94)
71.2%(67/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
4%(34/837)
95.9%(803/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: < 0.001
AOS:Philosophy of Probability0.203
Philosophy of Probability not Philosophy of Probability
General Philosophy of Science
10.6%(10/94)
89.3%(84/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
1%(9/837)
98.9%(828/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: < 0.001
AOS:Philosophy of Biology0.201
Philosophy of Biology not Philosophy of Biology
General Philosophy of Science
15.9%(15/94)
84%(79/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
2.7%(23/837)
97.2%(814/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: < 0.001
xian:Carnap0.173
Carnap not Carnap
General Philosophy of Science
15.9%(15/94)
84%(79/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
3.5%(30/837)
96.4%(807/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: < 0.001
not AOS:Normative Ethics0.12
Normative Ethics not Normative Ethics
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
16.3%(137/837)
83.6%(700/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: < 0.001
metasurvey:accuracy-0.116
accuracy ≥ median accuracy < median
General Philosophy of Science
44%(11/25)
56%(14/25)
not General Philosophy of Science
50.8%(94/185)
49.1%(91/185)
Response pairs: 210   p-value: 0.093
not AOS:Philosophy of Language0.104
Philosophy of Language not Philosophy of Language
General Philosophy of Science
6.3%(6/94)
93.6%(88/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
19.8%(166/837)
80.1%(671/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.001
not AOS:Metaphysics0.095
Metaphysics not Metaphysics
General Philosophy of Science
12.7%(12/94)
87.2%(82/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
26.5%(222/837)
73.4%(615/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.003
not AOS:Meta-Ethics0.094
Meta-Ethics not Meta-Ethics
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
11.9%(100/837)
88%(737/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.004
not AOS:Social and Political Philosophy0.093
Social and Political Philosophy not Social and Political Philosophy
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
11.7%(98/837)
88.2%(739/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.004
not AOS:Ancient Greek Philosophy0.091
Ancient Greek Philosophy not Ancient Greek Philosophy
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
7.6%(64/837)
92.3%(773/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.005
xian:Hume0.089
Hume not Hume
General Philosophy of Science
24.4%(23/94)
75.5%(71/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
13.8%(116/837)
86.1%(721/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.006
not xian:Wittgenstein0.071
Wittgenstein not Wittgenstein
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
8.4%(71/837)
91.5%(766/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.03
not xian:Frege0.068
Frege not Frege
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
8.1%(68/837)
91.8%(769/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.038
not AOS:Philosophy of Law0.059
Philosophy of Law not Philosophy of Law
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
3.3%(28/837)
96.6%(809/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.071
not AOS:Epistemology0.058
Epistemology not Epistemology
General Philosophy of Science
10.6%(10/94)
89.3%(84/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
17.9%(150/837)
82%(687/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.076
not xian:Moore0.057
Moore not Moore
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
3.2%(27/837)
96.7%(810/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.082
xian:Leibniz0.056
Leibniz not Leibniz
General Philosophy of Science
4.2%(4/94)
95.7%(90/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
1.6%(14/837)
98.3%(823/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.087
not AOS:Philosophy of Action0.056
Philosophy of Action not Philosophy of Action
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
5%(42/837)
94.9%(795/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.087
not AOS:Applied Ethics0.056
Applied Ethics not Applied Ethics
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
5%(42/837)
94.9%(795/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.087
not xian:Rawls0.055
Rawls not Rawls
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
4.8%(41/837)
95.1%(796/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.093
not AOS:Philosophy of Mind0.055
Philosophy of Mind not Philosophy of Mind
General Philosophy of Science
13.8%(13/94)
86.1%(81/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
21.2%(178/837)
78.7%(659/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.093
not AOS:17th/18th Century Philosophy0.053
17th/18th Century Philosophy not 17th/18th Century Philosophy
General Philosophy of Science
6.3%(6/94)
93.6%(88/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
12%(101/837)
87.9%(736/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.106
not xian:Aristotle0.052
Aristotle not Aristotle
General Philosophy of Science
7.4%(7/94)
92.5%(87/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
13.2%(111/837)
86.7%(726/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.112
not AOS:Aesthetics0.051
Aesthetics not Aesthetics
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
4.4%(37/837)
95.5%(800/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.119
not AOS:Metaphilosophy0.05
Metaphilosophy not Metaphilosophy
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
2.5%(21/837)
97.4%(816/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.127

Background questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
not nationality_region:United States0.063
United States not United States
General Philosophy of Science
41.4%(39/94)
58.5%(55/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
51.9%(435/837)
48%(402/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.054
affil:region:Canada0.051
Canada not Canada
General Philosophy of Science
12.7%(12/94)
87.2%(82/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
8%(67/837)
91.9%(770/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.119
not affil:region:Australasia0.051
Australasia not Australasia
General Philosophy of Science
~1%(~1/94)
~98.9%(~93/94)
not General Philosophy of Science
6%(51/837)
93.9%(786/837)
Response pairs: 931   p-value: 0.119