The subject matter of the paper is an analysis of the role of 'wit' in J. Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding". The analysis shows that this apparently marginal issue plays in Locke's text ambivalent role. Interpreted by Locke as assemblage of ideas on the basis of their similarity, wit is, on the one hand, explicitly excluded from the domain of philosophy and situated within the sphere of aesthetic pleasure. On the other hand wit is an implicit constitutive element of (...) a number of "Essay's" important philosophical issues, especially those of mind and of ideas formation. The analysis of wit may also be regarded as a contribution to the history of the philosophical treatment of wit and some related problems, such as inventiveness. (shrink)

The subject matter of the text is an examination of the role the problem of repetition plays in cognitive, social and anthropological aspects of the artistic avant-garde as those are viewed from the standpoint of Umberto Eco's semiology. In Eco's "The Open Work" and "The Absent Structure" the above-mentioned problem takes the form of the concept of redundancy. The latter must be analysed in its relation with the concept of information, as they constitute each other; additionally, they shape Eco's approach (...) to the world of signs, being therefore a kind of conceptual infrastructure of his discourse. The author demonstrates that there are in Eco two interpretations of the relation between information and redundancy. According to the one that Eco himself calls "dialectical", the two concepts, although purported to be inextricably linked, remain opposed to each other: information is held to be a function of challenging established communicational codes, thus opening up a possibility of multiple interpretations of signifying structures, whereas redundancy does not question those codes and guarantees communication of single univocal meaning. As for the other, more complex interpretation, the author maintains that a sketch of it can be found on the margins of Eco's discourse. It is largely implicit there and the author makes an attempt to throw it into relief under the name of ostentatious redundancy. The latter oscillates, in a highly ambiguous manner, between confirming and challenging communicational codes. By the same token it can be regarded not as opposing information but as creating it, or even as being, paradoxically, informative in itself. The tension between the two interpretations shapes Eco's internally divided approach to the question of the avant-garde and its cognitive, social and anthropological aspects. Discussing these aspects, the author indicates that Eco has recourse, obliquely, to ostentatious redundancy every time the dialectical interpretation, which i san explicit driving force of his discourse, poses serious difficulties and starts to undermine itself. Ostentatious redundancy is therefore shown to play an important role in all the avant-garde's aspects as well as to govern Eco's reinterpretation of the concept of "avant-garde" itself and his critical re-examination of modernist aesthetics. Finally, it has a strong connection with Eco's theory of the open work. Advocating a further development of the concept of ostentatious redundancy, the author argues that it may and should, with all its necessary internal complexity, be used for analysing contemporary artistic practices. (shrink)

In the text I take a closer look at the political paradigm of self-sufficiency as outlined by French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy. The paradigm is at work in all traditional Western political views, ideologies and practices, and can be reduced to two schematic models of politics: that of the subject, and of the citizen. The models are seen by Nancy to be no longer relevant to the urgent demands of contemporary social and political reality; they are also held to be responsible (...) for contemporary problems and crises in, and of, democracy. Nancy tries to present an another approach to political practice and focuses on the issue of the tie as one that is not given in any substantial way but always remains to be tied, always to be decided and continually reshaped in a response to unforeseeable events. As a part of a sketch of a political philosophy of relation and non-self-sufficiency, Nancy discusses the issues of singularity, incommensurability, justice and “equaliberty”, and stresses the need for constant invention of new forms of a democratic politics. The latter is meant as a politics of “democracy to-come”, democracy that always remains in statu nascendi, in the process of eventual transformation.Key words NANCY, IDEOLOGY, POLITICS, EQUALIBERTY. (shrink)