L’article est un examen critique de l’œuvre de Cornelius Castoriadis. Tout au long de sa vie, aussi bien par l’histoire des idées que par l’étude des situations socio-historiques, sa préoccupation centrale a toujours été d’établir le caractère créateur de l’action humaine. Mais dans sa réhabilitation intellectuelle de la création, Castoriadis donne en dernière instance le primat aux dimensions psychiques sur les dimensions sociales. C’est ce parcours et les principales conséquences sociologiques qu’il induit qui retiendront notre attention. Son œuvre permet à (...) la fois de souligner les limites d’une vision déterministe de l’action, et les insuffisances d’une perspective prométhéenne d’analyse de la vie sociale.The article is a critical study of Cornelius Castoriadis’s work. All his life, due to the history of ideas as well as the study of sociohistorical situations, his main concern has always been to establish the creative nature of human action. Yet in his intellectual rehabilitation of creation, Castoriadis finally favours psychic dimensions over social dimensions. This article focuses on this evolution and on its main sociological consequences. His work allows us to underline the limits of a determinist vision of action and the shortcomings of a promethean analysis of social life. (shrink)

En partant de quelques transformations sociétales majeures, et en s’appuyant sur la fiction romanesque française, l’article dessine deux grandes constellations imaginaires de la mobilité dans la modernité. La première associe le but du déplacement, l’existence d’un ailleurs, le goût de l’aventure, l’attitude de départ actif et le rôle de la mobilité comme logique de pouvoir. La deuxième, souvent en résonance avec les items précédents, souligne plutôt l’exigence de la mobilité pour la mobilité, la fin de l’idée de dehors, l’impératif de (...) la fuite, la prolifération de l’expérience du départ passif, enfin, la centralité croissante de la mobilité dans le saisissement de la domination. Au terme de ce parcours, l’imaginaire de la mobilité apparaît comme une boussole privilégiée pour cerner les transformations de la modernité.The article tracks two major imaginary constellations of modern mobility, through the analysis of important social transformations, illustrated by certain French novels. The first joins the goal of mobility, the existence of an « elsewhere », the taste for adventure, an active departure, and the role of mobility as a logic of power. The second, frequently in relationship with the precedent, emphasizes the idea of mobility for itself, the end of elsewhere utopia, the need to run away, the multiplication of experiences of passive departure, and finally the growing link between mobility and domination. The mobility imaginary appears at last as a privileged compass to surround the transformations of modernity. (shrink)

Résumé L’article propose une lecture analytique globale de l’évaluation. D’une part, il identifie les huit grands principes sur lesquels s’appuie la philosophie de l’évaluation, avant de les soumettre, dans une seconde partie, à un examen critique. Au travers de ce mouvement d’analyse, l’article montre comment, en dépit de ses faiblesses et contradictions, l’évaluation est l’objet d’une croyance collective qui est en train de devenir le cœur d’un nouveau mode de gouvernement et de gestion.

The aim of this article is to explore how, and to what extent, Italian thought – by its focalization on pre-modern theoretical issues and its distance from classical modern topics, such as the philosophy of conscience or the transcendence of language – can offer a different insight on contemporary social theory and critical theory, after the dissolution of the idea of totality as a foundational concept of modernity. In the last decades, a frame named ‘Italian theory’ has started to circulate (...) in international theoretical debates, often with the aim of replacing the exhausted paradigms of poststructuralism, postmodernism and deconstructionism. Indeed, ‘Italian thought’ seems to offer new insights, thinking about the ‘post-totality’ era in a different way. In the article we present a synthetic cartography of Italian thought and we analyse the way in which it can contribute to design new horizons for social theory. (shrink)

This paper proposes a rewriting of modernity departing form the argument that Western modernity has never been a unique tradition but rather a tension between at least two large slopes that have never ceased to be weighed and compared: an Anglo-Saxon and a Latin slope. Without neglecting the contribution of other traditions, and departing from the analysis of modernity today, the article makes the hypothesis that putting at the center analytically this Anglo-Saxon and Latin division, that is, undertaking the study (...) of the differential effects of geography on the history of modernity, makes it possible to propose a geo-modern rewriting of the contemporary situation. To interpret Western modernity from its origins as an intra-Western cleavage rather than as a unit, invites to read the past anew, but, moreover, it allows to shed new light to the historical present of modernity. (shrink)

The article deals with the inflexion that occurred in the studies of modernity from the 1960s onwards. New ruptures were proposed within modernity itself, giving rise to narratives on postmodernity, hyper-modernity, new modernity, late or advanced modernity, second modernity or multiple modernities. Modernity was supposed to draw a more or less indelible border between past and present; the others and the Westerners; tradition and modernity; community and society; holism and individualism. Modernity was a caesura: the ultimate base of all “Grands (...) Partages”. What we have witnessed in the the last fifty years is the duplication at the very heart of modernity of this baptismal caesura. All the critical movements of the last decades share this same conviction: the caesura of modernity ceases to be one and definitive, to become, on the contrary, pluralistic and always on work. In this perspective, contemporary modernity –the new question of modernity– is inseparable from the generalization of a critical appraise of its great dogmas, assumptions or experiences. (shrink)