Abstract

From their founding to their collapse, the Andalusian Umayyads have been struggling with the Christian states which established in the north following Umayyads conquests of the region. During this long struggle period, the first name that ceased their progress and had authority over these states was Hakam II’s father Abd ar-Rahman III (300-350/912-961). The power provided by him continued in the periods of Hakam II (350-366/961-976) and Amirids (366-398/976-1008). In this process, Hakam II period was important because the obedience of the states in question had been maintained, new conquests were achieved, and an uninterrupted eight-year peace was established. In this article, the sixteen-year long struggle process, including war and peace periods, of Hakam II against these states in the North of Andalusia has been discussed. The article consists of four chapters. In the first part, the Muslim control on the Kingdom of Leon, which attacked the Andalusian Umayyad lands at the beginning of this period, has been examined. In the second part, the battles with the Christian states in the north and the conquests carried out in this period have been discussed. In the third part, the peace process between the two sides, which had been continuing for eight years, has been examined. In the fourth part, the Christian states' attempt to recapture the Gormaz (Gurmâc) castle has been mentioned. The main purpose of the article is to contribute to the debate in modern western literature about the Umayyads' domination of these states, recorded by Muslim historians as well.