Abstract

This chapter traces the development of Russian political philosophy, as distinct from both political science and political ideology, from the early nineteenth century until the present day. The chapter is guided by questions like: What is the role of political philosophy under largely authoritarian or totalitarian conditions? How did Russia accommodate modernization, including the rise of society, demands for democracy, etc.? And what is the foundation of a sustainable political community? After a brief survey which also takes into account general political transformations, the chapter consists of four sections, each discussing two philosophers who contrast with each other on relevant points, thus highlighting four key controversies, such as revolution vs. reform. The choice of eight authors involves, obviously, a degree of arbitrariness, and is motivated by both representativeness and the availability of translations. A brief conclusion brings the various lines together.