Abstract

A comprehensive survey of the attitude of Kierkegaard (1813-1855) toward Jews and Judaism as reflected in his writings. Argues that he became antisemitic over the years. The young Kierkegaard viewed the Wandering Jew as a mythical allegory for human despair, but for the older Kierkegaard the Jews represented obduracy, rage, and perdition. He increasingly interpreted Judaism as the absolute opposite of Christianity, and sanctioned what he saw as the fall of Judaism. His writings are overwhelmingly anti-Jewish and antisemitic, and include only a few pro-Semitic or indifferent statements. Contends that Kierkegaard did not grow up in an antisemitic home - his father actively supported the integration of Jews into Danish society. The roots of the theologian's hostility toward the Jews must be sought in the Protestant tradition. Discusses his Jewish acquaintances, especially his relationship with Meïr Aron Goldschmidt, editor of the republican weekly "Corsaren". After satirical attacks against him appeared in "Corsaren" in 1846, Kierkegaard sharpened his antisemitic profile. Argues that his changed view of the Patriarch Abraham, from "the Father of Faith" to "a Jew", is indicative of his rejection of Judaism. Presents an overview of the situation of the Jews in Denmark and in Copenhagen during the first half of the 19th century, and discusses the views of Kierkegaard in the larger cultural context.