On the Very Problem of the Problem of God in Zubiri and Unamuno

The Xavier Zubiri Review 6:73-88 (2004)
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Abstract

Perhaps one innovation brought about by Spanish philosophy is the notion that “God”names a problem instead of an entity. This is what Xavier Zubiri means when he uses thephrase “the problem of God.” Although he does not employ the Zubirian phrase, Miguel deUnamuno also addresses God as a problem. This paper compares Zubiri’s and Unamuno’saccounts of how God appears to human beings polemically. For both thinkers, God is aproblem only for human beings; there is something about the structure of human existencethat makes God come to mind. For Zubiri, God comes to mind because human beings findthemselves implanted into reality. For Unamuno, God comes to mind because human beings understand their own mortality and seek to overcome it. After presenting their respective views on the structures of human beings that account for the problem of God, the philosophical implications of such a view are explored. If we take Zubiri and Unamuno to becorrect about “the very problem of the problem of God,” true theism would not be evidentialist . Also, true atheism would be impossible, for even if the entity called“God” does not in fact exist, “God” as a problem does.Quizás una innovación provocada por filosofía española es la noción de que “Dios” refiere a un problema en vez de una entidad. Esto es lo que Xavier Zubiri quiere decir al usarla frase “el problema de Dios”. Aunque él no emplea la frase zubiriana, Miguel de Unamuno también se dirige a Dios como un problema. Este ensayo compara el pensamiento deZubiri y de Unamuno en torno a cómo Dios aparece polémicamente a los seres humanos.Para ambos pensadores, Dios es sólo un problema para los seres humanos; hay algo sobrela estructura de existencia humana que hace que Dios venga a la mente. Para Zubiri, Diosviene a la mente porque los seres humanos se encuentran implantado en realidad. ParaUnamuno, Dios viene a la mente porque los seres humanos entienden su propia mortalidady buscan superarlo. Después de presentar sus vistas respectivas de las estructuras humanas que explican el problema de Dios, se exploran las implicaciones filosóficas de tales vistas. Si supongamos que Zubiri y Unamuno sean correctos sobre “el problema mismo delproblema de Dios,” el verdadero teísmo no sería evidentialista . También, el verdadero ateísmo sería imposible, ya que aun cuando la entidad llamó que“Dios” no exista de hecho, “Dios” como un problema sí existe

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