Abstract

The main idea of the article is that the concepts of “Russian philosophy” and “philosophy in Russia” are one and the same. The very differentiation of the latter is associated with the peculiarities of the historical development of Russian philosophy, the formation of which coincided with the European turn in the development of the Russian state, car­ried out in the process of reforms of Peter the Great. This differentiation was justified at the initial stage and lost its meaning with the acquisition of Russian philosophy of its independence by the end of the 19th century, the emergence of the original nationally ori­ented philosophical teachings in it. It is shown that the specificity of philosophy as a kind of knowledge and at the same time as a form of social consciousness gives rise to the di­versity of its specific manifestations, the unique identity of history and theory. It is con­cluded that the concept of Russian philosophy cannot be reduced to the history of Russian philosophy as a special research direction and academic subject within the subject field of professional philosophy. The question is raised about the specifics of national philosophy as a special kind of the latter.