Abstract

In Islamic philosophy, "being" is the most important issue discussed in the realm of theosophy, which forms the basis of epistemology or the truth of theosophy. The Islamic theosophers have considered the foundation of the world and the creatures as "being" as a general concept. They have considered this widespread "being" as being one with the God's being and in this manner they have opened the way of gnosticism to philosophy.In the philosophy of Mulla Sadra and Heiddeger, "being" is not defined. But in the Philosophy of Mulla Sadra knowing "being" has been changed to knowing the issues related to being, i.e. the "common predicables". But in the philosophy of Heddeger ontology has inclined towards phenomenology.In the philosophy of Mulla Sadra the main principle is that knowing being is possible. But the ontology of Heiddeger with all his interest in this regard, finally results in a limited knowledge of being. His ontology begins from human being. For, as he himself states: man is the only place and time, where understanding of being in its general sense is probable. Thinking about being always comprises of the thinking of the intellectual man about being.It is due to this fact that in the human essence there exists a basic principle for understanding the truth of being. Understanding of being is a determination of the human "being". In the viewpoint of Heiddeger the human specifications include:1. being in the world2. state of passiveness i.e. ability-being3. understanding which is accompanied and proceeds with freedom.Heidegger considers man's relation with general being or being in its general sense as existentialite and his innovations and transcendent moves as existential. He, Heidegger maintains, who possesses this genuine human status, would also possess the above mentioned Dasien features.Categories such as care, transcendence, temporality, intention and anguish are from amongst categories of interest to Heiddeger.Care, in view of Heiddeger is the basis of theoretical and practical methods and both of them are included in the framework of the facilities of mankind's special being.Temporality brings about a unity for care based on which are established the elements which bring about the nature of care. Those elements are the past, present and future. Notwithstanding the kind of any special being accepted by man, he relates himself to the past, present and the future.The German philosopher says transcendence is passing the existing situation which always appears with understanding. If this does not take place man will be imprisoned in the realm of ontology.Heidegger believes that being, in its general sense, can be discovered with the help of transcendence. Therefore, the world is a place where the human beings can transcend.