Abstract

Aristotle states that ‘there is only one constitution which is everywhere according to nature the best.’ This constitution is unqualifiedly just and ‘according to nature’ because it promotes the common advantage. The interpretation of ‘common advantage’ is problematic: does it consist in the advantage of the citizens considered as distinct individuals or the advantage of the polis considered as a whole? Only on the former, individualistic interpretation would the best constitution be deeply committed to individual rights, and it is argued that a moderate version of individualism is the correct interpretation of Aristotle's best constitution. The chapter goes on to consider difficulties in Aristotle's account of the best constitution, including his views on education and the question of which is better: virtuous kingship or the rule of law.