Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 71 (1):81--101 (2015)
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Abstract

Resumo A filosofia contemporânea nasce de um intrincado debate com a filosofia moderna, da qual se ressalta neste artigo Descartes, Hume e Kant; mas o ponto alvejado tem raízes bem mais profundas, no nascimento mesmo da Filosofia: com Sócrates e Platão, gerando consequências nefastas no período medieval. Com o intuito de fundar o papel ético-social do filósofo na cidade, Sócrates entende o corpo como secundário em relação à alma. Platão, com vista a superar a aporia sofística relativa à aquisição do conhecimento, radicaliza essa ideia, que marcará a Idade Média, nos planos teórico e prático. Na filosofia moderna encontram-se, considerando as diferenças entre racionalismo, empirismo e criticismo, variações do mesmo princípio: o corpo é secundário em relação à alma . A fenomenologia, tónica da contemporaneidade, inaugura uma compreensão diametralmente oposta a essa: trata-se de acabar com a ‘soberania’ da alma ou, mesmo, da separação entre essa e o corpo. A possibilidade de descrever a existência humana em toda sua riqueza enquanto corporeidade é o tema deste artigo. Palavras-chave : Alma, Corpo, Corporeidade, Ser-no-mundoThe contemporary philosophy was born of an intricate debate with modern philosophy, namely with Descartes, Hume and Kant; but the roots of this question goes much deeper unto the birthplace of the philosophy, i.e., with Socrates and Plato, resulting in the generation of adverse consequences in the Medieval Period. In order to establish the ethical and social role of the philosopher in the city Socrates understands the body as secondary to the soul. To overcome the problem concerning the acquisition of knowledge as advanced by Sophists, Plato proposed a more radical version of this idea. The idea will mark the Middle Age, both at the theoretical and practical level. Later, even considering the differences between Rationalism, Empiricism and Epistemological Criticism, variations of the same principle appear: the body is secondary in relation to the soul . Phenomenology inaugurates a diametrically opposite understanding: it signifies the end of the ‘supremacy’ of the soul or, even, the separation between soul and body. This article seeks to describe human existence in its full dimensions as corporality. Keywords : Being in the world, Body, Corporality, Soul

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Luciano Silva
Universidad de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay

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