Abstract

After the end of the First World War, the Treaty of Versailles and the French military occupation of the Ruhr mines, is Germany still the heart of the forthcoming socialist revolution in Europe? Or will the neo-nationalist movements prevail, producing catastrophic consequences also for Soviet Russia itself? The anxiety with which the Comintern strives to analyze the fascist phenomenon, that from Italy seems to start expanding across the continent, was anything but excessive. In Clara Zetkin’s and Karl Radek’s reflections, in particular, the task of a confrontation with the fascist movements becomes an hegemonic struggle focused on the German national question.