O Conceito De Natureza Humana: breve revistaçao do debate contempor'neo

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 68 (4):643-656 (2012)
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Abstract

Resumo Nunca entre os filósofos existiu um conceito de natureza humana partilhado por todos. Nas últimas décadas, a explosão do conhecimento sobre os humanos proveniente de várias disciplinas das ciências tem agitado o debate em torno do conceito e questionando antigas concepções até aqui sustentadas sem base empírica sólida. Se a filosofia pretende entrar em debate e questionar algumas propostas surgidas do campo das ciências, terá de estar primeiro informada sobre esse saber empírico novo e consciente de que a sua intervenção é sobretudo no domínio da ética e dos valores. De qualquer modo, o papel da ética continua a ser fundamental. Palavras-chave : ética, natureza humana, psicologia evolutiva, ser/dever ser, empirismo, sociobiologia, valores universaisThroughout history various theories of human nature have been proposed and a consensus was never reached. In the last few decades there has been an explosion on knowledge about humans emerging from various areas of the sciences that has questioned old beliefs not much supported by empirical evidence. If philosophy is going to have a say on this debate it should realize that, first, it should be well informed about the scientific advancements produced to date, and, second, that it will have to do it mostly from ethical and political grounds. In any event, the role to be played by ethcis continues to be key. Keywords: empiricism, ethics, evolutionary psychology, human nature, is/ought, sociobiology, universal values

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