Epistemology of the Quran: Elements of a Virtue Approach to Knowledge and Understanding

Springer Verlag (2019)
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Abstract

This book examines all verses of the Quran involving knowledge related concepts. It begins with the argument that an analysis of the Quranic concept of ignorance points to epistemic virtues that can pave our way towards gaining knowledge and/or understanding. It deals with the Quranic concepts of perceptual, rational, and revelatory knowledge as well as understanding and wisdom in the light of recent discussions in Western analytic epistemology. It also argues that the relevant Quranic verses seem to involve concept of an epistemic conscience whose proper exercise can yield knowledge or understanding. While not overlooking the Quranic emphasis on revelation as a source of knowledge, the book draws our attention to a remarkable overlap between some strains of contemporary virtue epistemology and Quranic approach to knowledge. It shows that the Quranic verses suggest a progressive sequence from propositional knowledge to understanding to wisdom.

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Chapters

Concluding Thoughts

From the foregoing chapters it appears that virtuous cognitive activity is a progressive sequence for the Qur’ān. The central idea is to make a conscientious effort to avoid ignorance and attain knowledge. However, knowledge by itself is not the only epistemic goal and a holistic understanding of va... see more

Concept of Wisdom in the Qur’ān

This chapter examines those verses of the Qur’ān which talk about ḥik’mat or wisdom. It is argued that elements of wisdom for the Qur’ān are knowledge, understanding, and best possible ways to argue, as they combine to lead us to overall righteousness. For the Qur’ān wisdom is some form of knowledge... see more

On Value of knowledge and Understanding

This chapter begins by introducing some Qur’ānic distinctions relevant to the value problem. It is noted that value of knowledge for the Qur’ān is rooted in its practical value. Relevance of the Qur’ānic view of taqwā as reflective and motivational epistemic conscience for a solution to the value pr... see more

On Understanding

This chapter analyses the Qur’ānic verses that talk about the epistemic state of understanding. It is argued that understanding for the Qur’ān is holistic in nature. Three basic ideas emerge from various functions of understanding mentioned in the Qur’ān: that understanding is gained by grasping the... see more

Taqwā or Reflective Conscience in the Qur’ān and Some Additional Epistemic Virtues

This chapter carries out an analysis of the Qur’ānic verses that pertain to the concept of taqwā in order to understand the Qur’ānic conception of virtue. It is argued that taqwā appears to be a comprehensive reflective and motivational conscience comparable to similar concepts in Kant and Butler. H... see more

The Qur’ānic Hints about Epistemic Responsibility: An Analysis of Etymological Variants of ‘i-l-m in the Text

In this chapter we examine some of the verses about perceptual, intellectual, and revelatory knowledge. It is argued that these Qur’ānic verses are best understood as ways of defining knowledge in terms of certain natural and acquired epistemic dispositions or virtues. Human beings are held accounta... see more

From Ignorance to Knowledge: Deriving Epistemic Virtues from the Qur’ānic Conception of Ignorance

This chapter aims at an analysis of the Qur’ānic concept of ignorance in the light contemporary virtue epistemology with its focus on intellectual virtues. In Sect. 2.1 below I give a brief set of introductory remarks about the contemporary emergence of virtue epistemology and the directions in whic... see more

Introductory: An Overview

This chapter is a brief overview of the basic theses of the book. It points to the ideas of epistemic responsibility and intellectual virtue as they are presupposed or implied by the Qur’ānic verses. It is noted that analysis of the concept of ignorance and taqwā brings out the centrality of intelle... see more

On Value of KnowledgeValue of knowledge and Understanding

This chapter begins by introducing some Qur’ānic distinctions relevant to the value problem. It is noted that value of knowledge for the Qur’ān is rooted in its practical value. Relevance of the Qur’ānic view of taqwā as reflective and motivational epistemic conscience for a solution to the value pr... see more

From Ignorance to KnowledgeKnowledge: Deriving Epistemic Virtues from the Qur’ānic Conception of Ignorance

This chapter aims at an analysis of the Qur’ānic concept of ignorance in the light contemporary virtue epistemology with its focus on intellectual virtues. In Sect. 2.1 below I give a brief set of introductory remarks about the contemporary emergence of virtue epistemology and the directions in whic... see more

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M. Adeel
Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

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