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The nurse as an engineer

AI and Society 1 (2):115-126 (1987)

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  1. Two approaches to developing expert systems: A consideration of formal and semi-formal domains. [REVIEW]Edgar A. Whitley - 1991 - AI and Society 5 (2):110-127.
    The conventional approach to developing expert systems views the domain of application as being “formally defined”. This view often leads to practical problems when expert systems are built using this approach. This paper examines the implications and problems of the formal approach to expert system design and proposes an alternative approach based on the concept of semi-formal domains. This approach, which draws on the work of socio-technical information systems, provides guidelines which can be used for the design of successful expert (...)
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  • Pathologies of AI: Responsible use of artificial intelligence in professional work. [REVIEW]Ronald Stamper - 1988 - AI and Society 2 (1):3-16.
    Although the AI paradigm is useful for building knowledge-based systems for the applied natural sciences, there are dangers when it is extended into the domains of business, law and other social systems. It is misleading to treat knowledge as a commodity that can be separated from the context in which it is regularly used. Especially when it relates to social behaviour, knowledge should be treated as socially constructed, interpreted and maintained through its practical use in context. The meanings of terms (...)
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  • On two AI traditions.Satinder P. Gill - 1988 - AI and Society 2 (4):321-340.
    To understand the role of expert systems as a medium for transferring knowledge and skills within organisations requires an understanding of the nature of expertise within working life contexts. Central to this issue of transfer is the debate on the nature of tacit/implicit knowledge and the problem of formalising it in explicit form. This paper considers the British approach to the development of knowledge-based systems, which is regarded as being predominantly rationalistic, and compares it with the Scandinavian approach, which is (...)
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  • Aesthetic design: Dialogue and learning. A case study of landscape architecture. [REVIEW]Satinder P. Gill - 1995 - AI and Society 9 (2-3):273-285.
    In this paper the concept of knowledge in seen as embodying dialogue and learning in a shared practice. Sharing a practice involved sharing representations of practice. This necessitates the sharing of experiential knowledge at various levels and in various forms. It is proposed that participatory design can therefore be seen as consisting in dialogue and learning for the development of future practices and representations. The discussion in this paper is situated within the domain of landscape architecture. A study is made (...)
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