Este artigo é o resultado de uma atividade do PET-Filosofia denominada Cine-PET. Nesta atividade são exibidos alguns filmes e depois há uma discussão filosófica sobre o conteúdo dos mesmos. Neste filme – La vita é bella –, foram analisadas as idéias de otimismo, ilusão e representação para o querer-viver perpassadas pelo filme à luz da idéia de Schopenhauer sobre a Vontade como a verdadeira essência do mundo. A Vontade, para Schopenhauer, é caracterizada por ser um impulso cego, desejante e insaciável, (...) que por isso, constitui o sofrimento e as dores de todos os seres do mundo. (shrink)

In this paper, I intend to argue that the emergence of the material conditions for the suppression and denial of the will in the human organism is not something like an “accident on the way” of will's manifestation in the world. It is rather, as it were, an intentional result of the whole process of objectivation of the will, a result that emerges from a teleological order. This teleological order is primary and more fundamental than the teleological order of nature (...) that produces each phenomenon and each organic structure according to its ability to promote the emergence, conservation and expansion of life. This means that we have to understand the problematic principle of nature's purposiveness in Schopenhauer's thought as containing two distinct and largely contradictory orders of purpose. We can call these two orders of purposiveness “order of nature” and “order of salvation”. These two orders of purpose correspond to what I understand to be two forms of teleology that coexist in constant tension in his system: a functional and an ethical-soteriological teleology. (shrink)

This paper corresponds to the first of two parts that make up a study on the question of teleology in the notes of the young Nietzsche between 1867 and 1869. On the whole, the study intends to offer a reading of three sets of notes written by the philosopher in that period: Zu Schopenhauer, Zur Teleologie, and Vom Ursprung der Sprache, with a clear focus on the notes on teleology of 1868. My aim is to try to show that, despite (...) Nietzsche's various criticisms of teleology and his apparent adherence (via Lange) to Darwinism, his position is best understood as a kind of vitalism, which is receptive to the idea of an unconscious intentionality in nature, but which explicitly rejects the anthropomorphically inflated conception of a divine designer. In this first part of the study, I focus on an analysis of the text Zu Schopenhauer and part of the set of notes collected under the title Zur Teleologie. (shrink)

Pode-se afirmar que a filosofia crítica kantiana é uma espécie de suporte para a fundamentação epistemológica de Schopenhauer, mas que a teoria schopenhaueriana de modo algum a ela se reduz até porque Schopenhauer reprova desde a compreensão de Kant a respeito do papel que desempenham intuição e razão até a arquitetônica kantiana que exige doze categorias como alicerce do processo de conhecer. Nosso texto versará sobre a importância que Schopenhauer concede à intuição e, principalmente, sobre a justificação de Schopenhauer acerca (...) da causalidade como única “categoria” necessária e suficiente para a percepção dos objetos. (shrink)