Diabetes contributes to COVID‐19 deaths in Colombia and Mexico, where the latter having the highest prevalence of diabetes among OECD countries. Some reports consider that advertising influences diabetes by confusing labels on ultra‐processed foods and soft drinks that lead to unhealthy food choices. Both countries are in the process of modifying their labeling legislation; however, governments and food industries have pushed to delay its implementation. Using a mixed research design, we interviewed 550 consumers in both countries during June–July 2020; a (...) high number of respondents misunderstand today's food labeling and are unaware of the new labeling legislation. Respondents strongly agree that the food industry should be in charge of changing the labels; otherwise, they would consider not buying their products. Using cluster analysis, we identified three groups that would help design public policies, nutritional and educational campaigns. Although changes in food labeling alone are not enough to reduce obesity and diabetes rates, food labels constitute public health tools due they assist consumers to make food and nutritional choices (considering that nutrition can help prevent and overcome COVID‐19). The costs of maintaining current labels could increase Colombians and Mexicans illnesss and poverty. These deceptive practices of the food industry would harm their brands. (shrink)

La libertad se sitúa, desde Kant, más allá de los límites de la razón, y este aspecto persiste hasta el pensamiento de Kierkegaard. La elección de ser libres, que se inaugura como preocupación en O lo uno o lo otro de 1843 y que también ya estaba presente en Kant, se pone de relieve ante la imperiosa necesidad de mostrar que la libertad (Friheden) es el fundamento propiamente subjetivo y que, como tal, no puede ser impuesto ni demostrado desde afuera, (...) es decir, no puede ser aplicado ni mostrado por ninguna ciencia particular, sino en una instancia denominada ética (der Ethiske). Sin embargo, la subjetividad ética que el juez Guillermo desarrolla presenta límites, ya que, ante la aparición del concepto de pecado, el concepto de libertad se ve resignificado, dando lugar a un nuevo modo de concebir la libertad en las obras posteriores del pensador danés. (shrink)

La colección Revuelta Filosófica nos propone un retorno a pensadores que se pusieron por encima del orden filosófico establecido. Por esto mismo no nos sorprende que Kierkegaard esté en esta colección, y más bien decimos que no podía dejar de asistir a la reunión. Fiel a su pensamiento, Kierkegaard le pone el cuerpo, la pluma y el alma a sus escritos, en los cuales la literatura se entrelaza con la filosofía, y la psicología se vuelve un teatro en el que (...) uno tras otro aparecen figuras, pseudónimos y personajes que enmascaran el rostro del autor a través de la ironía. ¿Quién se encarga de darle voz a Kierkegaard? Patricia Dip, quien le ha dedicado gran parte de su vida académica a estudiar al danés, no puede ser mejor compañía. La autora presenta a Kierkegaard en dos dimensiones, la literaria y la filosófica, donde lo distintivo es la máscara, rasgo que le permiten ubicar al pensador danés entre los teóricos contemporáneos de la ideología, es decir Marx, Nietzsche y Freud. El escenario, 255 páginas, divididas en un estudio preliminar, selección de fuentes y bibliografía de referencia. El estudio preliminar del libro cuenta con cuatro apartados en los cuales la autora recorre tópicos fundamentales del pensamiento kierkegaardiano. (shrink)

En “Los estadios eróticos inmediatos, o el erotismo musical” de O lo uno o lo otro I (OO I) aparece una relación entre la música y los límites del lenguaje, donde ésta es presentada como el límite de la palabra precisamente porque hace referencia a lo demoníaco en el sentido de la fuerza de la naturaleza (Naturmagten). La fuerza de la naturaleza no puede expresarse por medio de la palabra ya que ésta es inmediata y el lenguaje implica una mediación. (...) Por tanto, sostenemos que en OO I, hay un inicio de la problematización del lenguaje y sus límites, en cuyo contexto se entiende lo demoníaco como fuerza de la naturaleza. En este sentido, en OO I, para el pseudónimo A, lo demoníaco representa lo que no puede manifestarse por medio del lenguaje, pero sí por medio de la música. (shrink)

The first form of the inside-outside dichotomy appears as a self-encapsulated system with an active border. These systems are based on two complementary but asymmetric processes: constructive and interactive. The former physically constitute the system as a recursive network of component production, defining an inside. The maintenance of the constructive processes implies that the internal organization also constrains certain flows of matter and energy across the border of the system, generating interactive processes. These interactive processes ensure the maintenance of the (...) constructive processes thus specifying a meaningful outside. Upon this basic form of identity formation, the evolutionary and historical domain is open for the emergence of a whole hierarchy and ecology of insides and outsides. These which mutually subsume and collaborate in the maintenance of the essential inside-outside dichotomy that defines the conditions of possibility of the subjects and the worlds they generate. (shrink)

Written primarily in Greek, 1987 edition.

Our goal in this paper is to articulate a precise concept of at least a certain kind of disease-mongering, showing how pharmaceutical marketing can commercially exploit certain diseases when their best definition is given through the success of a treatment in a clinical trial. We distinguish two types of disease-mongering according to the way they exploit the definition of the trial population for marketing purposes. We argue that behind these two forms of disease-mongering there are two well-known problems in the (...) statistical methodology of clinical trials (the reference class problem and the distinction between statistical and clinical significance). Overcoming them is far from simple. (shrink)

The veil of ignorance has been used often as a tool for recommending what justice requires with respect to the distribution of wealth. We complete Harsanyi's model of the veil of ignorance by appending information permitting objective comparisons among persons. In order to do so, we introduce the concept of objective empathy. We show that the veil-of-ignorance conception of John Harsanyi, so completed, and Ronald Dworkin's, when modelled formally, recommend wealth allocations in conflict with the prominently espoused view that priority (...) should be given to the less able in wealth allocation. We finally argue that the veil of ignorance should be rejected as a tool for discovering what justice requires. (shrink)

Most everyday tasks involve multiple modalities, which raises the question of how the processing of these modalities is coordinated by the cognitive system. In this paper, we focus on the coordination of visual attention and linguistic processing during speaking. Previous research has shown that objects in a visual scene are fixated before they are mentioned, leading us to hypothesize that the scan pattern of a participant can be used to predict what he or she will say. We test this hypothesis (...) using a data set of cued scene descriptions of photo-realistic scenes. We demonstrate that similar scan patterns are correlated with similar sentences, within and between visual scenes; and that this correlation holds for three phases of the language production process (target identification, sentence planning, and speaking). We also present a simple algorithm that uses scan patterns to accurately predict associated sentences by utilizing similarity-based retrieval. (shrink)

The discovery of the plane of the mosque of Granada, dating from 1507, allows us to offer this interesting news. Archaeology, history and art of Granada have new data to study the great mosque and its surroundings. We had works of renowned authors. However, this new contribution raises new approaches in the investigation of the monuments.

El concepto y la experiencia del aburrimiento son centrales en la autoconcepción estética de la vida desarrollada por el pseudónimo A. En este escrito presentamos un análisis del concepto dividiéndolo en tres momentos: en el primero se analiza, desde algunos de los Diapsálmata, la experiencia del aburrimiento como ruptura del vínculo entre hombre y mundo. En el segundo momento, a partir de El más desdichado, se aborda la vivencia del aburrimiento en su relación con el tiempo. Y, en el tercer (...) momento, se indaga, desde el ensayo La rotación de los cultivos, por la respuesta que propone el esteta A como salida al aburrimiento. (shrink)

When people communicate, they coordinate a wide range of linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors. This process of coordination is called alignment, and it is assumed to be fundamental to successful communication. In this paper, we question this assumption and investigate whether disalignment is a more successful strategy in some cases. More specifically, we hypothesize that alignment correlates with task success only when communication is interactive. We present results from a spot-the-difference task in which dyads of interlocutors have to decide whether they (...) are viewing the same scene or not. Interactivity was manipulated in three conditions by increasing the amount of information shared between interlocutors. We use recurrence quantification analysis to measure the alignment between the scan-patterns of the interlocutors. We found that interlocutors who could not exchange feedback aligned their gaze more, and that increased gaze alignment correlated with decreased task success in this case. When feedback was possible, in contrast, interlocutors utilized it to better organize their joint search strategy by diversifying visual attention. This is evidenced by reduced overall alignment in the minimal feedback and full dialogue conditions. However, only the dyads engaged in a full dialogue increased their gaze alignment over time to achieve successful performances. These results suggest that alignment per se does not imply communicative success, as most models of dialogue assume. Rather, the effect of alignment depends on the type of alignment, on the goals of the task, and on the presence of feedback. (shrink)

InCarm.4.1 Horace asks Venus to stop waging war against him, who is now over fifty (1–7), and suggests that she should set her aim instead on Paulus Maximus, a young and passionate nobleman who will be happy to obey Venus' orders (9–20).

The human sentence processor is able to make rapid predictions about upcoming linguistic input. For example, upon hearing the verb eat, anticipatory eye-movements are launched toward edible objects in a visual scene. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underlie anticipation remain to be elucidated in ecologically valid contexts. Previous research has, in fact, mainly used clip-art scenes and object arrays, raising the possibility that anticipatory eye-movements are limited to displays containing a small number of objects in a visually impoverished context. In (...) Experiment 1, we confirm that anticipation effects occur in real-world scenes and investigate the mechanisms that underlie such anticipation. In particular, we demonstrate that real-world scenes provide contextual information that anticipation can draw on: When the target object is not present in the scene, participants infer and fixate regions that are contextually appropriate. Experiment 2 investigates whether such contextual inference requires the co-presence of the scene, or whether memory representations can be utilized instead. The same real-world scenes as in Experiment 1 are presented to participants, but the scene disappears before the sentence is heard. We find that anticipation occurs even when the screen is blank, including when contextual inference is required. We conclude that anticipatory language processing is able to draw upon global scene representations to make contextual inferences. These findings are compatible with theories assuming contextual guidance, but posit a challenge for theories assuming object-based visual indices. (shrink)

Résumé Cet article traite des campements organisés par les Indignés espagnols de mai à juin 2011. L’observation ethnographique montre que derrière l’hétérogénéité des profils des campeurs se trouve une dimension générationnelle de cette mobilisation sans précédent en Espagne. L’expérience d’avoir participé aux campements a été vécue par des nombreux jeunes espagnols condamnés au chômage comme un réveil politique, un apprentissage accéléré de savoirs et d’actions, notamment ceux issus de la culture autogestionnaire.

El filósofo español Xavier Zubiri centró toda su investigación en torno a tres temas fundamen-tales: la realidad, la inteligencia y Dios. La clave zubiriana para abordar el problema de Dios se encuentra en la religación del hombre al poder de lo real. Por esta razón, el presente artículo pretende mo..

Justifying his proposal for “health savings accounts,” which would allow individuals to set aside tax-free dollars against future healthcare needs, President Bush has said that “Health savings accounts all aim at empowering people to make decisions for themselves.” Who could disagree with such a sentiment? Although bioethicists may be among those who express skepticism that personal health savings accounts will be part of the needed “fix” of our healthcare financing system, self determination has long been part of their mantra. Indeed, (...) the field of bioethics played an important role in advancing this idea in the medical world when physician paternalism was regnant. Has its popularity caused it to become so vapid as to be ripe for misuse? (shrink)

El objetivo del presente artículo de reflexión es hacer evidente la relación entre la categoría de performatividad en Judith Butler y el arte de la performance como una aproximación a la construcción de la memoria. Por un lado, el arte de la performance ofrece un problema en torno al registro, al archivo y a la memoria de la acción artística al considerar que el acto es irrepetible, único y fugaz. Esta discusión está vinculada con la reperformación como alternativa de memoria (...) que conserva la naturaleza de esta prácticaartística. Por otro lado, de acuerdo con Butler, la identidad es un efecto de una serie de performances regulados, esto revela cómo la performatividad sugiere un tipo de identidad no esencial donde la memoria está siempre abierta a nuevas inscripciones cuyo soporte está en la reiteración de actos discontinuos. En consecuencia, la repetición de los actos que propone Butler permite comprender que en la reperformance existe otra forma para abordar una memoria restaurada. (shrink)

Affordable light detection and ranging sensors are becoming available for tasks such as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in robotics and autonomous driving; however, these sensors offer less quality data of lower resolution that hinders the performance of registration methods. The deep learning based approaches seem to be sensitive to these data flaws. Specifically, a state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach failed to produce meaningful results after several attempts to carry out transfer learning over a dataset collected indoors with one such affordable (...) sensors. The paper introduces a hybrid approach combining two well-established registration techniques, the iterative closest point algorithm and the normal distributions transform that achieves good performance on the SLAM task over the same dataset. (shrink)

Ethical issues are very relevant in the field of women’s, gender and/or feminist studies. The aim of this article is to highlight the ethical challenges faced by the authors in their research process, with specific reference to two projects on gender and disasters in which they have been involved. In general, we try to avoid sexist bias throughout the complete research process, from the definition of the objectives themselves to the methodology design, where we ensure diversity in the selection of (...) participants in order to take into consideration the variety of voices present in society, especially those of women. Also, when developing our research, we take into account the power relationships involved, both between those who participate in the fieldwork and with the researchers themselves. To counteract the effects of such relations, we have considered people’s wellbeing and the humanization of the whole process. Finally, when it comes to the dissemination of the results and their transfer to society at large, we follow the same principles and actively integrate the people involved. Considering these issues benefits the research process and makes the resultant knowledge more ethical and socially useful, in addition to promoting more egalitarian gender relations. (shrink)

This paper aims to read Das Schloß by F. Kafka from a phenomenological-hermeneutic investigation project, from where to identify the “poetical mark” of the novel. Assuming this methodological perspective, it will attempt to interpret the “poetical mark” of the novel in order to mark it as the guide which leads our whole interpretation of the text, in which the distance and differences between K. and the villagers will be described. Finally, we will confront with R. Calasso’s description of the castle (...) as a place of concretion of power according to our interpretation of the scheinbare Leere from the novel’s beginning and K.’s “title” of Landvermessen. (shrink)

According to Derridean thought, unconditioned hospitality would be the only one in the name of which any hospitality can be offered. On the other hand, conditioned hospitality would be the only real practice of it. This article, based on a contrastive hermeneutic between Derridean and Levinasian thought on the question of hospitality and reception, aims to show how the constant and irresolvable dialectical tension between unconditioned hospitality and conditioned hospitality, as presented by Derrida from the “logic of symmetrical opposites”, it (...) can receive a new reading from the “phenomenological logic of the symbol”. Our proposal, centered on this symbolic perspective, affirms that the absoluteness or unconditionality of the ethical dimension of hospitality can be present in every concrete act of this, which continuously refers to the beyond of the given conditions. (shrink)

El filósofo mexicano Emilio Uranga (1921-1988) es recordado por su Análisis del ser del mexicano (1952) y por su labor como periodista político y asesor de López Mateos, Díaz Ordaz, Echeverría y López Portillo. Es posible tender un puente entre los dos aspectos, gracias a su concepción ontologizante de la Revolución Mexicana, leitmotiv de su producción teórica.

El presente trabajo explora la concepción del hombre sobre la cual reposan la Ética de la Empresa (EE) y la Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa (RSE). Según el resultado de esta investigación, dicha noción es una concepción mixtificada del hombrela cual puede funcionar como ideología en el sentido de Marx y Engels (1982). Así la vocación humanística de la EE, la RSE, está confrontada a su carácter de útil de la administración bajo la égida del modo de vida burgués. Esta (...) contradicción se expresa en la práctica que busca el ejercicio de la honestidad, la justicia y la responsabilidad por parte de los líderes de las empresas privadas, frente a los objetivos económicos, morales y sociales de éstas. Así por un lado, existe la aspiración universal y humanista (igualdad, fraternidad, seguridad, justicia y respeto al hombre y su medio ambiente) de la empresa; y por el otro, el primado del trabajo alienado capitalista. Esta contradicción fundamental origina del problema moral de la empresa y los negocios de nuestra época, el cual aparece como irresoluble dentro del contexto del modo de vida capitalista. (shrink)

It has been a pleasure to read these papers and to contemplate their importance for what I believe to be a useful and provocative prism though which to view the field of bioethics: the nature of moral consensus. In my own most extended contribution to this literature, DecidingTogether, I did not attempt to prescribe so much as to understand the role of moral consensus in the practice of bioethics. At the end of the book, I expressed the hope that it (...) might help trigger an examination of bioethics and moral consensus. Though a few others shared my interest at that time (in particular Tris Engelhardt, for whose early encouragement I remain deeply grateful), with this set of stimulating papers the conversation has finally begun in earnest. (shrink)