Drawing insight from affective events theory, this study presents a new dimension of perceived organizational politics and job attitudes. The motivation for this study was based on the fact that perceived organizational politics affect job attitudes and that personal resources moderate the direct relationship between perceived organizational politics and job attitudes in the context of the higher-education sector. In this regard, the data was collected through purposive sampling from 310 faculty members from higher-education institutions in Pakistan. To test the relationships (...) among the variables, we employed structural equation modeling via the AMOS software version 24.0. The results indicated that perceived organizational politics were significantly negatively related to job satisfaction. Moreover, perceived organizational politics were non-significantly related to job involvement. Political skill and work ethic weakened the relationship between perceived organizational politics and job satisfaction. We anticipated that these personal resources could mitigate the negative effect of perceived organizational politics and job attitudes. This study also suggests organizations to train their employees to develop essential personal skills. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Academic dishonesty has remained high in Chinese college students. We examined Chinese college senior students’ everyday academic practices, especially academic dishonesty, considering the contextual changes inside and outside higher learning settings in China. Data were collected from 120 college seniors from four universities and were analyzed using a qualitative content-based exploratory approach in NVivo 10. Three themes were identified, including college seniors’ perceptions of academic dishonesty, contextual influences on academic dishonesty, and seniors’ personal attitudes about academic misconduct. Interview results (...) indicated that the contextual changes have reduced cheating both at the national level and at the college level; however, some contextual factors stubbornly remain unchanged, suggesting that the current, contextual climate on and beyond the Chinese college campuses should be restructured, not necessarily exclusively using top-down approaches. A theoretical model was provided to illustrate mechanisms associated with these students’ academic misconduct. Suggestions are discussed regarding future research and implications made for university personnel practice. (shrink)

The ethics-related beliefs of Chinese international graduate students are heavily influenced by their academic cultural background, and given the nature of that culture, they often face challenges when adapting to the U.S. academic environment. This qualitative study examines Chinese graduate students’ perceptions of the differences between Chinese and American academic integrity practices and the effects of those differences on their ethical practices and adaptations in a graduate program in the United States. Data were collected via semistructured interviews in a public (...) university in the United States. Findings suggest that perceptions of academic integrity in Chinese universities are influenced by Confucian philosophy, collectivist assumptions, and a resultant convenience mind-set. These cultural premises clash with academic expectations in the United States. Participants describe how they, and their Chinese peers, navigate U.S. integrity standards and provide recommendations for ways that U.S. schools can help them better adjust. We expand on those and provide recommendations for university personnel. (shrink)

The ethics-related beliefs of Chinese international graduate students are heavily influenced by their academic cultural background, and given the nature of that culture, they often face challenges when adapting to the U.S. academic environment. This qualitative study examines Chinese graduate students’ perceptions of the differences between Chinese and American academic integrity practices and the effects of those differences on their ethical practices and adaptations in a graduate program in the United States. Data were collected via semistructured interviews in a public (...) university in the United States. Findings suggest that perceptions of academic integrity in Chinese universities are influenced by Confucian philosophy, collectivist assumptions, and a resultant convenience mind-set. These cultural premises clash with academic expectations in the United States. Participants describe how they, and their Chinese peers, navigate U.S. integrity standards and provide recommendations for ways that U.S. schools can help them better adjust. We expand on those and provide recommendations for university personnel. (shrink)

Industry sustainability plays a vital role in shaping the environment for cultural and creative business development. However, considering the influence of the external environment and random factors on the technical efficiency of cultural and creative industries with the inherent defects of the traditional data envelopment analysis model; this manuscript analyzed the operating efficiency of 56 cultural and creative enterprises using the three-stage DEA model from 2012 to 2018. An analysis of the results shows that differences in efficiency exist between stage (...) one and stage three DEA. Furthermore, the environmental elements and statistical noise measured by the stochastic frontier analysis in stage two reveal positive and negative influences on the creative cultural enterprises at different stages. As a result, the overall efficiency of the listed cultural and creative industries was revealed to be low in China. Finally, this study suggested effective countermeasures and recommendations for better-operating efficiency systems for cultural and creative enterprises. (shrink)

本书内容包括:“给我一个支点吧”;知、情、意、信的统一;对马克思主义的信仰是我们的精神动力、做一个有益于人民的人等。.

Ist das Politische Macht? Ist es öffentliches Handeln oder die beste Gesellschaftsordnung? Daniela Hüttinger sucht dort nach einer Antwort, wo die historische Wurzel des Politischen vermutet wird: im Griechenland des 5. und 4.

本文是关于逻辑哲学相关专题的研究成果,包括逻辑本身的整体性的哲学思考、现代逻辑发展中的一些具体问题的哲学研究等。.

本书对弘扬中华民族美德的经典篇章进行挖掘整理、条分缕析,涵盖古今代表篇什,导读、原文、赏析三位一体,帮助读者在阅读中得到思想的启迪、道德的升华。.

Um das Recht auf sich selbst zu erringen, mussten die Menschen den GÖTTERN das Recht auf den Menschen nehmen. Seither verstanden sie sich immer weniger von den Pflichten einem HETERONOMEN Willen gegenüber als von ihren autonomen Rechten her, ihre Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Diesem Selbstverständnis des westlichen Menschen sind jedoch, will es nicht zur gefährlichen Selbstgerechtigkeit erstarren, Grenzen gesetzt. Denn das ästhetisch-materielle Glück, welches diesem zu Grunde liegt, ist weltweit weder sozialisierbar noch im Hinblick auf die Zukunft der Menschheit ökologisch vertretbar. (...) So müssen erneut die GÖTTER, ein HETERONOMER Wille, herhalten, um ein Selbstverständnis zu legitimieren, das sich der Negation eben dieses Willens verdankt und dessen Handlungsfolgen die Menschen nur allein zu verantworten haben. Benno Hübner, ehemals Professor an der Universität Zaragoza, schreibt, reist und diskutiert weiterhin mit Studenten aus dem lateinamerikanischen und russischen Sprachraum. (shrink)

本卷收入胡适哲学与文化方面的论文、函牍、讲演、札记80余篇。其中包括实验主义、我们对于西洋近代文明的态度等重要文章。所收文章全面反映了胡适哲学思想、学术主张和对于中西文化的态度,对于了解和研究胡适本人 以及现代中国学术史、现代中国启蒙运动等内容。.

Veritists hold that the goal of inquiry is true belief, while justificationists contend that the goal of inquiry is justified belief. Recently, Christoph Kelp makes two new objections to both veritism and justificationism. Further, he claims that the two objections suggest that the goal of inquiry is knowledge. This paper defends a sophisticated version of veritism against Kelp's two objections.

本书作者以一名学者所特有的理想主义与批判主义精神,对法学研究和法制建设中的基本问题进行了探讨,并就法学基本内涵及其精神理念等提出了自己的见解。.

In this paper, I wish to defend Aristotle’s naturalness thesis. First, I argue against the claim that the city fails to meet the criteria (e.g. separability, continuity, etc.) Aristotle sets for substantiality in the Metaphysics. Second, I examine the problem of the Principle of Transitivity of End in Aristotle’s telic argument for the naturalness of the city. I argue that the city exists for its own end. Finally, I discuss the problem of the legislator in the genesis of the city. (...) I argue that the legislator is only responsible for the actualization of the potential form that Nature has set forward. (shrink)

In this paper, I challenge the standard reading of complete virtue (ἀρετή τελεία) in those disputed passages of Nicomachean Ethics and Eudemian Ethics. I argue that, for Aristotle, complete virtue is neither (i) wisdom nor (ii) a whole set of all virtues. Rather, it is a term used by Aristotle to denote any virtue that is in its complete or perfect form. In light of this reading, I offer a pluralist interpretation of Aristotelian happiness. I argue that for Aristotle, the (...) life-long exercise of a predominant virtue—as long as it is exercised in its complete or perfect form—will suffice for human happiness. The so-called inclusivist and intellectualist notions of Aristotelian happiness, thus understood, are merely two forms (viz. the composite and the non-composite form) of the pluralist notion of Aristotelian happiness. And if I am right, my pluralist interpretation provides an alternative, if not better, solution to the long-standing problem of “dual happiness” in Aristotle. (shrink)

As a promising Social Science Methodology, Structural/Mechanism Explanation (SME) retains the advantages of mechanism-based explanation (ME), particularly its focus on “identifying causal patterns from micro-level social phenomena.” It also acknowledging the role of “structure”—seen as “macro-level conditions”—in incentivizing or disincentivizing key mechanisms, thus proving valuable for forecasting their emergence and decline. This article explores the theory of SME and applies it to examine how a revitalized “Legalist political structure coupled with a Confucianist ideological structure” can forecast the mechanisms by which (...) China’s National Social Credit System disciplines and punishes the citizens. This is observed across domains of legislation, administration, judiciary, and propaganda. (shrink)

English summary: Philosophy of history is a comparatively young discipline. Beginning with the Enlightenment the historical is viewed as a philosophic topic. Through German Idealism it is emphatically placed at the centre of attention. The idealistic perspective on history was important for further development. The author presents the integral components of Kant's, Fichte's, Schelling's and Hegel's philosophy of history. He explains Kant's regulative idea on advancement, Fichte's model of the development of reason in five main eras, Schelling's three steps in (...) the absolute, speculative and revelation and Hegel's historical conception of a comprehensive Weltgeist. The most important opposing positions to an idealistic philosophy of history are described in the final chapter - reaching from new Kantianism, hermeneutics and science theory to the recent narratological approaches. German description: Geschichtsphilosophie, d. h. die bewusste Reflexion des Historischen als eines besonderen Gegenstands fur das menschliche Erkennen und Handeln, ist eine vergleichsweise junge Disziplin. Erst mit der Aufklarung wird Geschichte ernsthaft als eigenstandiges Thema wahrgenommen, und erst im deutschen Idealismus ruckt sie nachdrucklich ins Zentrum des philosophischen Interesses. Dabei ist die idealistische Sicht auf das Historische fur die weitere Entwicklung der Geschichtsphilosophie uberaus pragend gewesen - sei es indem ihre spekulativen Fortschrittsszenarien ubernommen und fur ahnlich umfassende Geschichtsbilder zugrunde gelegt wurden, sei es indem abweichende Geschichtsauffassungen in ihr das wesentliche Gegenkonzept fanden. Das Buch stellt die Hauptaspekte der Geschichtsphilosophie bei Kant, Fichte, Schelling und Hegel dar. Dabei wird besonderes Augenmerk darauf gelegt, wie diese Geschichtsentwurfe in die jeweilige philosophische Gesamtarchitektur der vier Autoren eingebettet sind. Zudem werden die wichtigsten Gegenpositionen zur idealistischen Geschichtssicht skizziert - von der Historikerschule und dem Neukantianismus uber die Hermeneutik und die Wissenschaftstheorie bis hin zu den narratologischen Ansatzen der jungeren Zeit. (shrink)

你自己去寻出一个本不成问题的问题，“人生有何意义？”其实这个问题是容易解答的。人生的意义全是各人自己寻出来、造出来的：高尚、卑劣、清贵、污浊、有用、无用，……全靠自己的作为。生命本身不过是一件生物学的 事实，有什么意义可说？一个人与一只猫，一只狗，有什么分别？人生的意义不在于何以有生，而在于自己怎样生活。你若情愿把这六尺之躯葬送在白昼作梦之上，那就是你这一生的意义。你若发愤振作起来，决心去寻求生命的 意义，去创造自己的生命的意义，那么，你活一日便有一日的意义，作一事便添一事的意义，生命无穷，生命的意义也无穷了。.

Academic journal publications may be retracted following institutional investigations that confirm allegations of research misconduct. Retraction notices can provide insight into the role institutional investigations play in the decision to retract a publication. Through a content analysis of 7,318 retraction notices published between 1927 and 2019 and indexed by the Web of Science, we found that most retraction notices (73.7%) provided no information about institutional investigations that may have led to retractions. A minority of the retraction notices (26.3%) mentioned an (...) institutional investigation either by journal authorities (12.1%), research performing organizations (10.3%), joint institutions (1.9%), research integrity and ethics governing bodies (1.0%), third-party institutions (0.5%), unspecified institutions (0.4%), or research funding organizations (0.1%). Comparing retraction notices issued before and after the introduction of retraction guidelines by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in 2009 revealed that those published after the guidelines’ publication were more likely to report investigations by journal authorities. Comparing retraction notices from different disciplines revealed that those from social sciences and the humanities were more likely to disclose investigations by research performing organizations than those from biomedical and natural sciences. Based on these findings, we suggest that the COPE retraction guidelines in the future make it mandatory to disclose in retraction notices institutional investigations leading to retractions. (shrink)

The present book is devoted to the question of what the goal of physics is. The essential result of this is the rejection of traditional proposals for such a goal in favour of a new proposal. In both the rejection of the older proposal for a goal and the endorsement of the new one, I rely on a common practice in physics - the practice of idealisation. Traditional proposals for goals must be abandoned if they cannot explain this practice; my (...) own proposal is supported by the fact that it can be shown to explain the practice of idealisation. There is a close connection between the goal of physics and some positions in the philosophy of science. van Fraassen has drawn attention to this in his The Scientific Image. If such a connection between the question of the goal and various positions in the philosophy of science exists, the result of the investigation into the goal of physics can be used to discuss positions such as empiricism, constructivism and scientific realism. This programme will be carried out in the following steps. Chapter 1 will first clarify in what sense physics can be said to have a goal. Criteria will be worked out, which an adequate explication of the goal of physics should satisfy. It will be shown that candidates for the goal of physics should be able to explain why typical actions essential to physics are carried out in the way that characterises them: They must be recognisable as means to a proposed end. In addition, various proposals for the goal of physics will be presented, and the relationship of these proposals to the philosophy of science positions of empiricism, constructivism and scientific realism will be examined. In Chapter 2, for selected, constitutive modes of action in physics - namely for idealisations – it will be investigated to what extent they can be explained by the proposed target candidates. It will be shown, firstly, that the traditional formulations of the goal of physics with respect to a particular class of of idealisations have only limited explanatory value, and secondly, that the goal of a unified description of physical systems description of physical systems makes this practice understandable. In Chapter 3 it will be shown that a second class of idealising measures - especially abstractions, but also certain experimental procedures - also cannot be made comprehensible by traditional goal ascriptions. Moreover, they cannot be integrated into a picture of theory construction which presupposes the classical, empiricist concept of the law of nature as the as the basis for an understanding of physics. I will argue that it makes sense to define natural laws as the ascription of as the attribution of dispositions to physical systems, i. e. systems, i.e. as statements about the way in which physical systems systems behave under very specific circumstances, namely when they are isolated. Such a conception allows us to present a candidate target that is able to explain all of the idealisation measures under investigation. Thus, it satisfies the condition that a candidate for the goal of physics must fulfil. The goal of physics, it will be asserted, is, is to give a unified description of the dispositions of physical systems. Now, since the traditional proposed goals, which turn out to be inadequate, are closely related to scientific realism, empiricism and constructivism, a re-evaluation of these positions becomes necessary. This will be done in chapter 4. be done. (shrink)

This paper revisits Aristotle’s discussion of akrasia in NE VII. 1–10. I try to offer a scientific reading of the book, according to which NE VII. 1–10 closely instantiates the main guidelines of Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics. I propose that NE VII. 1–2, which aims to establish the fact that akrasia exists, corresponds to the ὅτι-stage of an Aristotelian scientific inquiry, and NE VII. 3–10, which aims to explain both the cause and the object of akrasia, corresponds to the διότι-stage of (...) the inquiry. (shrink)

Experience marketing plays an important role in improving the quality and upgrading tourism services in cultural tourism cities and helps guide the planning and development, commodity design, and business management of cultural tourism products. However, the urgent problems that need to be solved are as follows: How does experiential marketing in cultural tourism cities affect tourists' consumption behavior? How to adjust consumption emotion in tourist experience and revisit intention? Starting from the experience needs of tourists, this study selected Jinan city, (...) represented by “Qilu culture,” as the research object; discussed the relationship between experiential marketing, consumption emotion, and revisit intention; and used a structural equation model to verify the relationship between the three. This study divided the perception of experiential marketing into four dimensions—sensory experience, action experience, emotional experience, and thinking experience, and divided tourists' revisit intention into two dimensions— “revisit” and “recommendation”. Totally, 305 tourists were randomly selected to participate in the questionnaire survey, and they came from 34 provinces in China. The results showed that cultural tourism cities can enhance tourists' positive consumption emotion through experiential marketing over time, and high-quality tourist consumption experience directly motivates tourists to revisit intention and then promotes tourists to go to cultural tourism cities for secondary consumption. These results suggest that cultural tourism cities should start from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, pay attention to the needs of tourists at different levels, and adopt effective experiential marketing strategies from tourism experience to improve the quality of tourists' travel experience and promote tourists' revisit intention. (shrink)

本书是以意识和意识形态为研究内容的专著,它既是意识发生学的说明,又是意识和意识形态结构学的认识论分析。.