Since the correct solution to the problem of the relationship between natural science and philosophy is related to the alliance between philosophical workers and natural scientists, it is also related to the development of philosophy and natural science. One of the problems inevitably encountered in solving the problem of the relationship between natural science and philosophy is the materialism of natural science. This article will attempt some theoretical investigation of this problem. Although some of my points may be unsuitable and (...) one-sided, I hope they will be corrected by the natural scientists and philosophical workers. (shrink)

Constant conjunction theory of causation had been the dominant theory in philosophy for a long time and regained attention recently. This paper gives a logical framework of causation based on the theory. The basic idea is that causal statements are empirical, and are derived from our past experience by observing constant conjunction between objects. The logic is defined on linear time structures. A causal statement is evaluated at time points, such that its value depends on what has been in the (...) past. We first give a semantics that contains basic conditions that, we think, must hold for a concept of causation, on which we define the minimal causal logic. Then we discuss its possible extensions for various concepts of causation. Complete deductive systems are given. (shrink)

Although the issue of moral identity and morality is under investigation for the last many years, there is still a need to investigate its role in how it promotes behavior. This study tends to extend this string of literature and attempted to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning among the elements of moral culture, prosocial behavior, and psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, college students were selected as participants in this study. For this purpose, a two-wave strategy was followed to (...) collect data. In the first wave of questionnaire distribution, 600 college students were contacted to complete the response. A hidden secret code was allotted to each questionnaire to trace the respondent for the second wave. From the distributed 600 questionnaires, 507 questionnaires were received back. At this stage, demographic characteristics and questions related to both the independent variables were asked from the respondents. While in the next wave, 448 questionnaires were received back from the redistributed questionnaires in the second wave. After discarding the incomplete and partially filled questionnaires there were left 431 useable responses. These responses were used to run the tests through structural equation modeling through assessment of measurement and structural model. Results indicate that symbolization promotes positive changes in the psychological wellbeing of the students and prosocial behavior of the college students. Moreover, internalization can promote psychological wellbeing. However, the impact of internalization on the prosocial behavior of college students has not been found statistically significant. Moreover, it can be safely concluded that moral reasoning has the potency to mediate the relationship of symbolization and psychological wellbeing as well as prosocial behavior. Moral reasoning also mediates the relationship between internalization and psychological well-being and prosocial behavior. (shrink)

Traditional multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis is usually criticized for having too restrictive model assumption, namely the scalar measurement invariance. The new multiple-group analysis methodology, alignment, has become an effective alternative. The alignment evaluates measurement invariance and more importantly, permits factor mean comparisons without requiring scalar invariance which is usually required in traditional multiple-group CFA. Some simulation studies and empirical studies have investigated the applicability of alignment under different conditions, but some areas remain unexplored. Based on the simulation studies of Asparouhov (...) and Muthén and of Flake and McCoach, this current simulation study is broken into two sections. The first study investigates the minimal group sizes required for alignment in three-factor models. The second study compares the performance of multiple-group CFA, multiple-group exploratory structural equation model, and alignment by including different proportions and magnitudes of cross-loadings in the models. Study 1 shows that when the model has no noninvariant parameters, the alignment requires relatively lower group sizes. Explicitly, the minimal group size required for alignment was 250 when the amount of groups was three, the minimal group size was 150 when the amount of groups was nine, and 200 when the amount of groups was 15. When there are noninvariant parameters in the model and the amount of groups is low, a group size of 350 is a safe rule of thumb. When there are noninvariant parameters in the model and the amount of groups is high, a group size of 250 is required for trustworthy results. The magnitude of noninvariance and the noninvariance rate do not affect the minimal group size required for alignment. Study 2 shows that multiple-group CFA provides accurate factor mean estimates when each factor had 20% factor loading with small-sized cross-loading. Multiple-group ESEM provides accurate factor mean estimates when the magnitude of cross-loading is small or when each factor had 20% factor loading with medium-sized cross-loading. Alignment provides accurate factor mean estimates when there are only small-sized cross-loadings in the model. The parameter estimates, coverage rates and ratios of average standard error to standard deviation for each methodology are not influenced by the amount of groups. Recommendations are concluded for using multiple-group CFA, multiple-group ESEM, traditional alignment and aligned ESEM based on the results. Multiple-group CFA is more suitable for use when scalar invariance is established. Multiple-group ESEM works best when there are small-sized or only a few medium-sized cross-loadings in the model. Traditional alignment allows for small-sized cross-loadings and a few noninvariant parameters in the model. AESEM integrates the advantages of alignment and ESEM, can provide accurate estimates when noninvariant parameters and cross-loadings both exist in the model. Compared to multiple-group CFA, multiple-group ESEM, the alignment methodology performs well in more situations. (shrink)

The extant literature has largely conceptualized abusive supervision as a hot and impulsive form of aggression. In this paper, we offer a cold and strategic perspective on how abusive supervision might be used strategically to achieve goals. Drawing on the Machiavellian literature and social interaction theory of aggression, we develop a moderated serial mediation model, in which leader Machiavellianism predicts their strategic use of abusive supervision on subordinates via the mediating role of leaders’ guanxi with direct supervisor. We further theorize (...) that this mediation effect is more pronounced when guanxi among team members (team member guanxi, TMG) is stronger, because Mach leaders are more likely to perceive high TMG as a threat to their power. Finally, we propose that Mach leaders’ strategic use of abusive supervision has negative implications for team outcomes, manifested in low levels of team voice and team organizational citizenship behaviors toward fellow team members (OCBI). Analyses of two studies—Study 1 using multi-wave data (355 leaders) from a US sample and Study 2 using a multi-wave, multi-source, and multilevel data (1252 subordinates and 273 leaders) from a Chinese sample—corroborated our model. This study provides a comprehensive examination of who, how, and when strategic abuse unfolds in the workplace and its negative implication for team outcomes. (shrink)

Implicit morality theories refer to people’s beliefs about whether individuals’ moral character is fixed or malleable. Drawing on the social cognitive theory of morality, we examine the relationship between employees’ implicit morality theories and their organizational citizenship behaviors toward coworkers (OCBC) and coworker-directed deviance (CDD) through a moral self-regulatory mechanism. A laboratory experiment (Study 1), an online experiment (Study 2), and a multi-wave, multi-source field survey (Study 3) found that the more employees held a fixed belief about morality, the lower (...) their sense of moral control, especially when their moral identity was lower. This perceived lack of moral control, in turn, predicted decreased OCBC, particularly when the workgroup ethical climate was weak. However, this relationship did not hold for CDD. Overall, our research highlights implicit morality theories as a novel antecedent of employees’ workplace behaviors, and identifies the underlying moral self-regulatory process, along with individual and situational boundary conditions. (shrink)

Empathy is essential for human survival and social interaction. Although mindfulness-based interventions have been used to improve empathy in healthy populations, its therapeutic efficacy remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of MBIs on empathy in a healthy population and the potential factors affecting the efficacy of MBIs. The literature search focused on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI from inception to September 2022. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies reporting the effects of using (...) MBIs on empathy in healthy populations were included. A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Results of the meta-analysis showed that MBIs improved empathy in the healthy population compared with that in the control group. Moreover, results of the subgroup analysis showed that intervention dose, format, and types were important factors affecting treatment outcomes. This comprehensive review suggests that MBIs are effective treatment for empathy in healthy population. Future research should markedly focus on large-sample, rigorously designed experiments to explore the long-term effects of MBIs on empathy and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MBIs. This study provides a reference for the daily application of MBIs. (shrink)

Reorienting the Political examines the reception of two controversial German philosophers, Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss, in the Chinese-speaking world. This volume explores the powerful resonance of both thinkers in Chinese political thought from a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspective.

Robot manipulators have been extensively used in complex environments to complete diverse tasks. The teleoperation control based on human-like adaptivity in the robot manipulator is a growing and challenging field. This paper developed a disturbance-observer-based fuzzy control framework for a robot manipulator using an electromyography- driven neuromusculoskeletal model. The motion intention was estimated by the EMG-driven NMS model with EMG signals and joint angles from the user. The desired torque was transmitted into the desired velocity for the robot manipulator system (...) through an admittance filter. In the robot manipulator system, a fuzzy logic system, utilizing an integral Lyapunov function, was applied for robot manipulator systems subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances. To compensate for the external disturbances, fuzzy approximation errors, and nonlinear dynamics, a disturbance observer was integrated into the controller. The developed control algorithm was validated with a 2-DOFs robot manipulator in simulation. The results indicate the proposed control framework is effective and crucial for the applications in robot manipulator control. (shrink)

本卷收入胡适哲学与文化方面的论文、函牍、讲演、札记80余篇。其中包括实验主义、我们对于西洋近代文明的态度等重要文章。所收文章全面反映了胡适哲学思想、学术主张和对于中西文化的态度,对于了解和研究胡适本人 以及现代中国学术史、现代中国启蒙运动等内容。.

本书包括:导论:西方哲学的传入与中国近现代哲学的回应方式;从“化西”到“西化”;“以中拒西”说;以中学摄西学等内容。.

AimsA negative association between the lower level of psychological resilience and increased risk of compassion fatigue and higher Coronavirus disease 2019 stress has been revealed. However, bibliometric studies have not been performed to comprehensively investigate this topic. This study aimed to identify the status and trends in the CF and PR field from 2008 to 2021 and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe identified relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection® database using “resilience” and “compassion fatigue” on September 30, 2021. (...) All search results were exported in plain text format for collaboration network analysis, reference-based co-citation analysis, analysis of journals, and keywords-based co-occurrence analysis, which were performed using Citespace® 5.8.R1.ResultsA total of 388 publications were identified finally, and there has been an increasing trend in the annual number of publications with light fluctuations. The analysis of journals and keywords indicated that nurses and social workers are the main research targets, and their mental problems are the main research topics. The turnover intention of health care providers has been a research focus, particularly during the COVID-19.ConclusionThe results of the present study help us understand the status of the CF and PR field and its recent developments. (shrink)

di yi juan. Wen yi mei xue -- di er juan. Zhongguo gu dian wen yi xue -- di san juan. Bi jiao wen yi xue --di si juan. Wen hua mei xue -- di wu juan. Mei de zhui xun.

本书是研究20世纪中国美学思想家宗白华的专论，阐述了宗白华美学思想的形成、发展，并兼及相关的思想文化和社会政治背景。.

本书内容包括:和谐文化思想的历史探析、建设中国特色社会主义与和谐文化、现代化进程中的和谐文化建设、云南和谐文化建设的探索与实践。.