Toulmin (2001) sostiene que la invención de las disciplinas,un cambio iniciado en el siglo XVII, involucró factores tantointelectuales como institucionales. Intelectualmente, el uso dela geometría cartesiana como modelo de conocimiento proveyólos fundamentos; institucionalmente, la división del trabajo enprofesiones y disciplinas hizo el resto. Sin embargo, este cambiose produjo lentamente y sólo alcanzó su apogeo durante el sigloXX, con la conformación de lo que Snow (2012) reconoce comolas dos culturas: las Humanidades y las Ciencias Naturales.Focalizando esta distinción, proponemos reflexionar sobre laargumentación (...) escrita en dos disciplinas (Letras y Biología)desde la perspectiva toulminiana. Al respecto, consideramosque los argumentos y los modos de escribirlos están tanprofundamente ligados a las disciplinas que resulta esencialsaber y reconocer cómo operan estos procesos a fin de entenderla lógica de dichos campos. En efecto, las particularidades decada disciplina están siempre presentes a la hora de escribir yde argumentar por escrito. Todo texto pertenece, por lo menos,a un género y a una disciplina; como tal, emplea movimientosretóricos particulares que varían de comunidad en comunidady de un tipo de discurso a otro. Este trabajo, retoma lapropuesta de Toulmin (2003, 2001) y busca dar cuenta de lasespecificidades de la argumentación escrita en dos carrerasuniversitarias argentinas (Letras y Biología). Así, después dehaber efectuado un trabajo de campo que comprendió, duranteun semestre, observación participante de clases, entrevistasa docentes y alumnos y recolección de documentos áulicos(exámenes escritos y trabajos prácticos), distinguimos cuatrorasgos que caracterizan la argumentación en los ámbitosdisciplinares de las Humanidades y de las Ciencias Naturales:(1) los grados de formalidad; (2) los grados de precisión; (3) losmodos de resolución; y (4) las metas de la argumentación. Estoscuatro rasgos permiten complejizar los elementos estables delesquema toulminiano y pensar sus usos, sus aplicaciones y susalcances en las disciplinas. (shrink)

This work focuses on the reading and analysis of the work of Nicholas Machiavelli made by the Argentinian historian José Luis Romero in several of his historical and historiographical writings. It attends, particularly, to the assessment that Romero has made of the famous Florentine thinker as historian. From this perspective, it will be studied the impact of the Machiavellian work on the thought and intellectual work of the Argentinian academician. This work seeks to show that Machiavelli was, for the aforementioned (...) author of the 20th Century, a source of inspiration, a master in the analysis of “the real reality” and an example of commitment to public affairs. However, Machiavelli's work entailed a strong warning for him: there must be proper balance between academic rigor and political com­mitment, between the historian's own claim to truth and the citizen's ideological position. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una genealogía de los feminismos de mujeres de Abya Yala en Barcelona en los últimos veinte años, principalmente abordando el surgimiento y el asentamiento de las luchas antirracistas y decoloniales de estas mujeres. Para ello, se caracterizan las dinámicas de los feminismos en Barcelona durante los primeros años de activismo de las mujeres feministas de Abya Yala -primera década del 2000-, se identifica el proceso de fortalecimiento del feminismo antirracista y decolonial de mujeres de Abya Yala en (...) Barcelona, y, por último, se indaga en el panorama actual del feminismo antirracista y decolonial de estas mujeres en Barcelona. (shrink)

Negotiation and deliberation are two context types or genres of discourse widely studied in the argumentation literature. Within the pragma-dialectical framework, they have been characterised in terms of the conventions constraining the use of argumentative discourse in each of them. Thanks to these descriptions, it has become possible to analyse the arguers’ strategic manoeuvres and carry out more systematic, context-sensitive evaluations of argumentative discussions. However, one issue that still must be addressed in the pragma-dialectical theory—and other contextual approaches to argumentation—is (...) how to distinguish negotiation and deliberation in practice. In this paper, I seek to develop criteria that can help the analyst identify them in discourse. To this end, I characterise the felicity conditions of the superordinate speech acts defining and structuring deliberation and negotiation encounters. (shrink)

Abstract:In this paper I focus on parasitic cases of exploitation in the case of UBI. I start by arguing that existing concepts of parasitic exploitation in the literature are over inclusive, since they label as cases of parasitic exploitation some cases that are not. Then I offer my own narrower framework of parasitic exploitation, which includes three conditions: built-in mechanisms, structural vulnerability and non-proportionality. I suggest that exploitation happens when agents misuse a system to obtain additional profit at the potential (...) expense of the weak party. This profit is additional compared to a counterfactual scenario in which the systemic vulnerability was not present. I argue that while some cases of parasitic exploitation may arise in the case of UBI, these cases are likely to be weak, and hence, absence of regulation of this system can be justified on the grounds that this would prevent stronger types of exploitation and domination.Key words: Universal Basic Income; parasitic exploitation; transactional exploitation; domination; misusing a system; free-rider. (shrink)

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the logic of gift and team performance. We explore this connection empirically, using a detailed data set from the National Basketball Association. In particular, we use the NBA Cares Community Assist Award as a way to measure gift-giving to the community. We explore the response of an entire team after one if its members has been recognized for his gift-giving behavior. Using two winners, we show that after a player has received the (...) award there is an increase in the number of assists given by each member of the team, and that there is also an increase in the number of wins. Therefore, our results show that the team’s performance would improve after a player has been recognized because of his gift-giving attitude. This finding to management implies that managers’ incentivization of a sharing and giving philosophy would not only improve their relationship bond but it would also help them increase their performance. (shrink)

Interest in ethical aspects associated to product acquisition and consumption is a growing trend among consumers. In this context, the concept of “product with ethical attributes” has arisen to refer to products with explicit social and environmental characteristics. However, one of the factors that most hinders the purchasing of these products is certainly price. Given the difficulty of reducing price, the question that arises is the extent to which other product attributes can attenuate the negative impact of price on perceived (...) value. We assume that the special benefits associated to this type of products are, at a different level, attenuators of the relationship between price and perceived value. Focusing on Fair Trade organic coffee, hypotheses are tested regarding survey data from 407 customers. They were interviewed in an actual purchasing scenario. The models are tested using conventional Structural Equation Models and the Latent Moderated Structural Equation method. The results obtained shed some light on a highly generalised belief that the marketing of these products can only be improved by reducing their price. However, although a price reduction could be desirable, albeit complicated in this product category, its effects could be reduced by acting on other variables such as the ethical aspects, quality and healthiness of this product category. (shrink)

The target article “Bounded Justice, Inclusion, and the Hyper/Invisibility of Race in Precision Medicine” is a welcome addition to the corpus on inclusion in genomics and precision medicine (Ferrym...

RESUMEN: El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en materia de movilidad humana bajo la óptica de la doctrina filosófica del cosmopolitismo. A partir del desarrollo de las principales características de esta doctrina en relación a la migración (tensión entre nacionalidad, ciudadanía y derechos, así como las perspectivas actuales de solidaridad global), se sostendrá que la jurisprudencia interamericana tiende hacia al cosmopolitismo.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to analyze the jurisprudence (...) of the Inter - American Court of Human Rights in the field of human mobility from the perspective of the philosophical doctrine of cosmopolitanism. From the development of the main characteristics of this doctrine in relation to migration (conflict between nationality, citizenship and rights, as well as current perspectives of global solidarity), it will be argued that inter-American jurisprudence tends toward cosmopolitanism.PALABRAS CLAVE: cosmopolitismo, ciudadanía, migración, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.KEYWORDS: cosmopolitanism, citizenship, migration, Inter-American Court of Human Rights. (shrink)

Rodrigo Olavarría’s notebooks, formulated as intimate diaries or notebooks, have a similar structure: a romantic breakup, a journey moved by grief and the reference to love as an excuse that fades among thousands of readings through which the artist’s identity and stance are revealed. He sacrifices himself for his exercise and he lives connected to the present of his daily life. However, he is capable of exceeding the isolation of writing where the self faces itself and attempts to cling to (...) the past, memory and the environment. His sacrifice turns him into a stoic, a slave, a fighter. Such archetypes, and his pilgrimage, arethe starting point of the political reading approach proposed in this article. (shrink)

For some time now we have noticed an increasing scepticism regarding the effectiveness of democracy, and its ability to represent citizens through elections. Elections are the central mechanism of political decision taking. However, there is a clear tendency to exploit electo­ rial processes by populist politicians. The ancient ideal of paideia was to educate citizens by following a civic program. Its aim was to enable the citizen to exercise the civil rights and duties. Since the 1970s, however, we had observed (...) two contrasting tendencies: a growth of individualization, and a ecrease of the level of civic education. In the 1990s populist politi­ cal parties entered the political scene of European democracies, some of which have man­ aged to establish a mob rule or ochlocracy (ὀχλοκρατία). Since then, ochlocratic parties have systematically intended to win the votes of politically less educated citizens by offering them a simplified political discourse. In fact, these parties have managed to neutralize the two­party system in many European countries. Thus they managed to block majority­based governments, forcing parties to form coalitions with ideologically opposing smaller parties. This has created a situation in which the “punishment vote” becomes the mean to gain the votes of undecided people who may be characterized as rebels without political culture. (shrink)

Vera Zasulich’s shooting of Trepov, a governor of St Petersburg who had ordered the flogging of a political prisoner, in January 1878, catapulted her to international fame as a revolutionary heroine, a reputation that she put to good use by becoming one of the five ‘founding parents’ of Russian Marxism that created the ‘Group for the Emancipation of Labour’ in 1883. But her act of self-sacrifice also triggered, to her dismay, the institutionalisation of individual terrorist tactics in the Russian Populist (...) movement with the creation of the ‘People’s Will’ (Narodnaya Volya) Party in 1879. The organisation went into decline after the killing of Tsar Alexander II in 1881, and Populism itself was increasingly superseded by Marxism as the hegemonic force on the left with the rise of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). But individual terrorist tactics reappeared with the creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1902, prompting Zasulich to write an article for Die neue Zeit, the theoretical organ of German Social Democracy, in which she both condemned the Neo-Populist tendency as deleterious to the rising labour movement and supported the organisational plans for the RSDLP sponsored by the Iskra group, developed at length by Lenin in his book What Is to Be Done?, published in March 1902. This article provides the background to Vera Zasulich’s article ‘The Terrorist Tendency in Russia’ (December 1902), setting it against the history of the Russian revolutionary movement from 1878 to 1902. (shrink)

Presentamos un análisis de los protocolos de escribanos de la ciudad de Córdoba en el último cuarto del siglo XVI para reconocer las posibilidades y límites que presentan para el estudio de las movilidades de personas y bienes desde y hacia la jurisdicción en cuestión. El estudio se centra en los aspectos metodológicos del estudio de este tipo de documentación y busca destacar el valor de las escrituras públicas, en tanto fuentes seriables, para la historia social y económica a escala (...) local como regional y/o global. (shrink)

At a time in which labour markets are becoming increasingly globalised and precarisation processes are altering young people’s working and living conditions, a whole network of public and private agencies are developing different entrepreneurship programmes as the main mechanism to deal with youth exclusion and unemployment. Grounded in two on-going research projects conducted in Europe and Australia, this article proposes a preliminary, thought-provoking engagement with the concept of global grammars of enterprise to examine how the truth regimes are framed and (...) articulated in these networks. We argue that this concept enables us to identify, examine and analyse the shifting, unstable, but always strategic power relations between the governmental discourses on entrepreneurship and the enterprising behaviour and dispositions of persons and groups, and the particular «declensions» and local «translations» of the ideas of entrepreneurship that organisations and young people perform within a process of globalised precarisation.Al albur de la globalización de los mercados laborales, al mismo tiempo que ciertos procesos de precarización están alterando profundamente las condiciones de vida y de trabajo de las personas jóvenes, se despliega toda una red de agentes públicos y privados que buscan fomentar el emprendimiento como principal mecanismo para enfrentar la exclusión y el paro juvenil. Fundamentado en dos proyectos de investigación en curso en Europa y Australia, el artículo se involucra preliminar y provocativamente con el concepto analítico de gramáticas globales del emprendimiento para analizar cómo se enmarcan y articulan los regímenes de verdad de estas redes. Argumentamos que este constructo posibilita abordar las inestables y estratégicas relaciones de poder entre los discursos gubernamentales del emprendimiento y las disposiciones y los comportamientos; las declinaciones particulares y las «traducciones» locales que la juventud y algunas organizaciones afines realizan de ellos en el marco de un proceso de precarización globalizado. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar la naturaleza integradora de la biología evolutiva del desarrollo. En particular analizamos las características temporales de los procesos estudiados por diferentes programas de investigación de evo-devo y las comparamos con aquellas propias de los procesos macroevolutivos, microevolutivos y del desarrollo de los organismos. Encontramos que en los principales programas de investigación de evo-devo se recuperan principalmente características propias de los fenómenos macroevolutivos, mientras que en la sub-área de eco-evo-devo se recuperan principalmente características propias (...) de la microevolución.The aim of this study is to investigate the integrative nature of evolutionary developmental biology. We particularly analyzed the temporal characteristics of the processes studied by different research programs of evo-devo and we compared them with those of macroevolution, microevolution and developmentalprocesses of organisms. We found that in the major research programs of evo-devo, macroevolutionary phenomena characteristics are mainly recovered, while in the sub-area of eco-evo-devo microevolutionary characteristics are mainly recovered. (shrink)

En este trabajo exploro el alcance de la contribución de la filosofía de Alain Badiou al debate acerca de los límites del constructivismo. Expongo la crítica badiouana a la soberanía de la lengua entendida como la posición filosófica que adjudica primacía al lenguaje sobre el ser. Muestro a continuación la articulación de dicha crítica con el cuestionamiento al constructivismo desarrollado en El ser y el acontecimiento [1988] para establecer el alcance de la orientación de un pensamiento genérico en la producción (...) de un concepto de lo indiscernible. Sostengo que en el marco de la empresa badiouana, la crítica del constructivismo se conecta con la crítica a la soberanía de la lengua en el carácter restrictivo del errar del ser y que en una orientación genérica del pensamiento es decisiva la elaboración de un concepto de lo indiscernible. (shrink)

In recent years, Rosi Braidotti has proposed to explore the “intersectionality” of natural, social and technological determinations in order to provide a non-dualistic theoretical framework for what she defines as the “critical posthumanities.” In this paper, I polemically engage with Braidotti’s theoretical project by reconstructing the methodological principle through which she endeavors to disentangle the dualisms presupposed by anthropocentrism and humanism. I will argue that the upshot of this methodological procedure is a hypostatization of subjective structures into reality which in (...) turn facilitates an ontological transposition of the political concept of inclusiveness. In highlighting the formal procedure of inclusion by which the posthuman subject conceptualizes difference, this article provides a set of objections to Braidotti’s methodology by evaluating it in terms of the Marxian critique of speculative abstractions. (shrink)

Abstract:This article unveils the gendered, racialized, and silent sexual dimensions at play in the criminalization of Milagro Sala, the charismatic and controversial female indigenous leader of the Organización Barrial Tupac Amaru in Argentina. It argues this organization was able to contest narrow definitions of women's welfare used in local state bureaucracies in terms of certain redistribution and recognition, while fostering complex and controversial state-movement relations in terms of transparency and accountability. In important ways, Tupac Amaru politicized the “undeserving poor.” Women (...) who did not conform to the moral prescriptions that patrol the conduct of poor women were the backbone and the leadership of the organization. Drawing on interviews, fieldwork materials, and documents gathered between 2009 and 2017, this paper shows that the main problems created by the criminalization of the organization were not only the arbitrary detention of Sala. Equally significant, the criminalization also brought about sudden negative changes in poor women and LGBT popular sectors' living conditions, employment opportunities, and access to health care, alongside the overall erosion of minimal gains in social and economic rights. It ultimately undermined the legitimacy of rights-based demands of popular and indigenous sectors in a multi-ethnic society. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra en la construcción badiouana de la dialéctica y su politicidad durante los llamados “años rojos” (1966-1976). Procuro destacar el carácter político de la dialéctica a partir de una doble hipótesis. En primer lugar, sostendré que la construcción badiouana de la dialéctica otorga una respuesta inmanente y localista al problema de la relación entre la estructura y la historia. En este sentido, organizaré la respuesta de Badiou a dicha problemática a partir de su adopción del principio de (...) la escisión en Teoría del sujeto [1982], para mostrar en qué medida dicha respuesta condensa una serie de desplazamientos inherentes a la dialéctica estructural y la dialéctica histórica en la teoría del sujeto. La segunda hipótesis que desarrollaré es que la propuesta de Badiou permanece en un plano politizante que a su vez restringe la discusión estratégico-política a un ámbito especulativo. Argumentaré que la dialéctica badiouana elabora la relación entre estructura e historia a favor de una subjetividad militante afirmativa, que sería complementada de manera provechosa por un intercambio con la historia efectiva y por un estudio de las luchas emancipadoras. (shrink)

Resumen En el siguiente trabajo exploraré la hipótesis de que la posición singular de Alain Badiou con respecto al problema de lo uno y lo múltiple se basa en la definición del vacío como nombre propio del ser. Propongo que la excepcionalidad del vacío en el proyecto de Badiou posibilita la vinculación del múltiple inconsistente con el texto matemático. En este sentido y una vez que se acepta la comunidad entre matemáticas y ontología, considero el relevo de la filosofía de (...) la enunciación de un discurso acerca del ser como un movimiento que empuja la tarea filosófica hacia un afuera que la constituye como tal: sus condiciones no filosóficas y las verdades que allí figuran.In the following, I explore the idea that Alain Badiou’s singular position regarding the problem of the one and the multiple is inseparable from the definition of void as the name of being. I propose that the concept of void links the inconsistent multiple with mathematics qua ontology in Badiou’s philosophical project. In this sense, I consider the assertion that mathematics is ontology to analyze the movement in which philosophy abandons the task of producing truths to focus on its non-philosophical conditions and the truths generated in truth processes. (shrink)

La idea de que el cuerpo (σῶμα) es una tumba (σῆμα) donde el alma permanece encerrada cumpliendo un castigo por una antigua culpa es transmitida por Platón, quien la atribuye a los órficos. Filón de Alejandría utilizó en diversos pasajes de su obra esta metáfora de procedencia órfica. Nuestro interés consiste en analizar el sentido que Filón le asigna y el modo en que reelabora el significado que le fue asignado en la tradición órfica y en la interpretación platónica. Intentaremos (...) mostrar que Filón utiliza la metáfora de dos maneras distintas que manifiestan la fuerte ambivalencia existente en su pensamiento respecto de la valoración del cuerpo humano. The idea that the body (σῶμα) is a tomb (σῆμα) where the soul remains confined as a punishment for an ancient fault is transmitted by Plato, who attributes it to the orphics. Philo of Alexandria made use of this metaphor of orphic origin in various passages of his work. Our interest is to analyze the sense that Philo assigns to it and the way in which he reelaborates the meaning that was ascribed to it in orphic tradition and in the platonic interpretation. We will try to demonstrate that Philo uses the metaphor in two different ways that show the strong ambivalence existing in his thought with respect to the value of the human body. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo especificamos el tratamiento que Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe ofrecen del concepto práctica articulatoria en Hegemonía y Estrategia Socialista a partir de una relectura de la tópica marxista. Para esto, partimos de que la contradicción señalada en Hegemonía y Estrategia Socialista entre la determinación en última instancia y el concepto de sobredeterminación se presenta en el momento en el cual se identifica práctica articulatoria con articulación discursiva. En este sentido, pretendemos insertar el concepto de práctica en (...) la metáfora tópica, siguiendo la formulación propuesta por Louis Althusser. Se ha señalado reiteradamente que el abandono de Laclau y Mouffe de la tradición marxista implica una concepción que reduce lo social al discurso. En este trabajo nos interesa explorar la hipótesis según la cual este movimiento lleva implícita una salida de la tópica en la cual una práctica tiene primacía sobre del conjunto de las prácticas sociales. (shrink)

Reseña de "Punto de inflexión: Crisis climática y ecológica” de Pamela Poo.

I agree with the view expressed in the target article that the early structural organization of the mammalian neocortex (the primordial neocortical organization) is different from its final one and resembles the more primitive organization of reptilian cortex. During the early development of the neocortex, a distinctly mammalian multilayered pyramidal-cell plate is introduced within a more primitive reptilian-like cortex, establishing simultaneously layer I (marginal zone) above it and layer VII (subplate zone) below it. This multilayered pyramidal-cell plate represents a recent (...) mammalian innovation in the evolution of the cerebral cortex of vertebrates. Hence, the term neocortex is preferable to isocortex. (shrink)

El presente artículo propone explorar la tesis heideggeriana respecto a cómo en el supremo peligro que supone la época de la esencia de la técnica moderna, tomada como “Lo- Dispuesto” [Gestell], encontramos también “lo salvador”. Para ello, se ha dividido el análisis en dos partes. En primer lugar, se esboza una caracterización de la época de la esencia de la técnica moderna, que observa tanto la relación que tenemos con todo ente, como el conocimiento que surge a partir de ella, (...) lo cual es ya un modo de develarse propio del Ser. En segundo lugar, se analiza la estrecha vinculación entre la Τέχνη griega y el concepto de verdad en cuanto αλήθεια (desocultamiento), para posteriormente explorar, a través del análisis de una escultura chilena llamada “Recurso Humano”, el desocultamiento propio del arte frente al desocultamiento de la esencia de la técnica moderna tomada como Gestell. Palabras clave: Heidegger - Gestell - Arte - Verdad - Técnica. (shrink)