This article is a theoretical and empirical exploration of the meaning that accompanies contractual agreements, such as the End-User License Agreements (EULAs) that participants of online communities are required to sign as a condition of participation. As our study indicates, clicking “I agree” on the often lengthy conditions presented during the installation and updating process typically permits third parties (including researchers) to monitor the digitally-mediated actions of users. Through our small-scale study in which we asked participants which terms of EULAs (...) they would find agreeable, the majority confirmed that they simply clicked through the terms presented to them without much knowledge about the terms to which they were agreeing. From a research ethics standpoint, we reflect upon whether or not informed consent is achieved in these cases and pose a challenge to the academic research community to attend to the socio-technical shift from informed consent to a more nebulous concept of contractual agreement, online and offline. (shrink)

Suzanne de Castell; On Writing of Theory and Practice, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 23, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 39–49, https://doi.org/10.1111.

Je voudrais souligner l’importance d’un registre qui me paraît complémentaire de la citoyenneté politique, ce que l’on peut appeler la citoyenneté sociale : montrer qu’elle constitue, avec la citoyenneté politique, l’autre socle de la citoyenneté démocratique. Il s’ensuit que le risque de dégradation de cette citoyenneté sociale, qui est une des caractéristiques inquiétantes...

Les mathématiques telles qu’elles se sont développées entre 1935 et 1970 jouent un rôle très important dans La Méthode. Ce rôle est explicite en ce qui concerne la logique, plus implicite en ce qui concerne la théorie du contrôle, l’incertitude, et certaines notions vues hors du champ mathématique et particulièrement probabiliste . Sur un exemple de résultats récents de la logique mathématique, la correspondance de Curry-Howard et les travaux de Jean-Louis Krivine nous montrent la pertinence des idées et des intuitions (...) d’Edgar Morin concernant la logique, la réalité et le cerveau.Mathematics as they are developed between 1935 and 1970 played a very important role in the method. This role is explicit with respect to the logical, implied regarding control theory, uncertainty, and some notions out of the field and especially mathematical probability . On a recent example of results of mathematical logic, the Curry-Howard correspondence and the work of Jean-Louis Krivine show the relevance of the ideas and insights of Edgar Morin on logic, reality and brain. (shrink)

Summary 1898 marked a crucial point in the end of the nineteenth-century Spanish crisis. The military defeat ending the Spanish-American War was seen as proof that the country was in terminal decline. With the ideals of regeneration spreading throughout Spanish society, the State became more interested in supporting and sponsoring science and technology, as well as in creating a modern educational system. The resulting reforms reflected this strong interest in scientific education, and consequently, the first decades of the twentieth century (...) saw a turning point in the development of science and technology in Spain. Some recent papers have discussed various initiatives taken by Spanish governments, particularly in the creation of new official institutions. Such institutions played an important role in the development of science and technology, but their activity in the promotion of scientific education was very limited. However, other governmental initiatives were taken in order to develop this area, particularly focusing on the acquisition of scientific instruments. Scientific instruments were needed not only to improve Spanish scientific research but also to improve the teaching of experimental sciences. These instruments were specifically adapted for use by students. This paper aims to present some of the lesser-known individuals and firms who, in the new social and cultural context, provided scientific instruments for educational centres in order to meet the increasing demand for this material in Spanish educational institutions during these years. (shrink)

Il semble presque impossible de saisir ce qu'a voulu dire Platon lorsqu'il a conçu l' espace civique de la cité des Lois si l'on n'adopte pas une démarche pluridisciplinaire, dans la mesure où cet espace n'est ni utopique, ni effectivement réalisé à l'issue de l'ouvrage : il est le lieu du possible, c'est-àdire le lieu d'une nécessaire liaison entre l'un et le multiple, l'intelligible et le devenir sensible. Une approche explicitement synoptique permet d'éviter deux écueils que l'on suppose réducteurs : (...) projeter sur la cité platonicienne un schéma géométrique préconçu, celui de la structure en étoile de la cité classique ; et considérer le plan de cette cité comme la solution à un problème physiologique, celui d'une dynamique des corps telle qu'elle s'exprime dans une théorie du mouvement. Dans les deux cas, en effet, la spécificité du projet platonicien semble éludée : comment rendre possible la cohérence du sensible et de l'Idée, au lieu de vouloir dériver la réalité matérielle d'un plan préétabli? The civic Space : The plans for a city in the Laws It seems almost impossible to grasp what Plato had in mind when he conceived the civic space of the city of Laws if one does not adopt a multidisciplinary approach, in so far as such a space is neither Utopian nor actually achieved at the close of the work : it is the seat of the possible, that is the seat of a necessary link between the one and the multifold, the intelligible and the sensible-to-come. An explicitely synoptic approach enables one to eschew two risks that may be reducing : i. e. projecting on to Plato's city a preconceived geometrical pattern, i. e. that of the star structure of the traditional city and considering the plan of such a city as the solution of a physiological problem, i. e. that of the dynamics of bodies as expressed in a theory of movement. In both cases indeed, the specificity of Plato's model seems to be dodged : how can one make the coherence between the sensible and the Idea coincide instead of willing to shunt the material reality from a pre-established plan? (shrink)

Suzanne de Castell, Helen Freeman; Education as a Socio-Practical Field: the theory/practice question reformulated, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 1.

I argue that a particular restricted version of the Principle of Indiference is a consistent, indispensible tool for guiding our probabilistic judgements.

Before broaching our main subject, and exploring why, among all disorders of the mind, obsessive-compulsive disorders have a place apart, I would like to start from a dilemma that is well-known to historians interested in mental disorders. According to one approach, a mental illness X is considered as a bona fide or ‘genuine’ illness if, and only if, it originates from a disturbance of the brain. Its neurobiological form is in this case considered as invariant, whatever cultural veneer might give (...) it a different aspect in accord with historical and local settings. The assumption is that this veneer does not, properly speaking, have any deep grounding in reality... (shrink)

This paper provides an overview, prepared by Robert Castel himself, of his last book, La montée des incertitudes. It describes how a new regime of capitalism has weakened and sometimes destroyed forms of social organization that had been established at the end of industrial capitalism. It discloses three main ongoing transformations: Labour market deregulations – in the sense of questioning both the right to work and the employment statute, and advances in insecurity; The reconfiguration of protective measures – in (...) the sense of the restriction of rights and a rapid rise in social insecurity; The paths of disaffiliation – or how it is that some categories of individuals find themselves destabilized and threatened with social invalidation in this new conjuncture. (shrink)

Suzanne de Castell; On Writing of Theory and Practice, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 23, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 39–49, https://doi.org/10.1111.

Les dynamiques de classe du changement agraire en Afrique ont fait l’objet de débats importants. Dans son ouvrage de référence, Femmes, greniers et capitaux, Meillassoux prédisait en 1975 la cannibalisation de la paysannerie, avec la domination croissante des relations capitalistes dans les campagnes. Pourtant, près d’un demi-siècle plus tard, la paysannerie reste une construction sociale, économique et politique pertinente. En s’appuyant sur le cas du Mozambique, cet article explore les significations contradictoires de la paysannerie dans le capitalisme contemporain. La première (...) section retrace la création du paysan-prolétaire en Afrique australe, en s’appuyant sur les travaux de Meillassoux sur la « communauté domestique ». La deuxième partie explore les différentes manières dont les camponeses improvisent leur subsistance à travers trois cas. L’article conclut que la paysannerie incarne un ensemble contradictoire de significations qui reflètent les processus de production de marchandises plutôt qu’un passé précapitaliste. (shrink)

Résumé — " De la pensée moderne à la pensée antique le chemin serait court et direct, si l’on voulait le prendre. " Par cette formule extraite de L’enracinement Simone Weil indique combien sa lecture du platonisme procède d’une attention à la lettre même du texte, directement et sans intermédiaire, et d’une conception de la pensée elle-même comme cheminement – cheminement orienté, infini ou indéfini, singulier, toujours en mouvement, en tout cas sans terme assigné. Il en résulte une interprétation du (...) philosophe antique assez proche des études platoniciennes contemporaines, car dépourvue du prisme de l’ " idéalisme platonicien " standard, et fondatrice pour la pensée weilienne. Le dernier Platon, celui de La République, du Timée et des Lois, permet à Simone Weil de définir au mieux ce que penser veut dire.— " From modern thought to antique thought, the path could be short and direct, should one wish to take it. " Through this phrase, taken from L’enracinement Simone Weil reveals how her interpretation of Platonism derives both from her special attention to the very letter of the text in a direct way, and from her understanding of thought itself as a development – an oriented, infinite or indefinite, unique and unremitting progression, anyway one which is without any circumscribed limit. The ensuing interpretation of the antique philosopher is rather close to that of contemporary Platonic studies, since it is devoid of the distorting vision of commonplace " Plato idealism " and is the very foundation of Weilean thought. The late Plato of The Republic, Timaeus and The Laws enables Simone Weil to best define what thinking means. (shrink)

Behavioral interventions have shown promising neuroprotective effects, but the cascade of molecular, brain and behavioral changes involved in these benefits remains poorly understood. Projecte Moviment is a 12-week multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effect and underlying mechanisms of an aerobic exercise, computerized cognitive training and a combined groups compared to a waitlist control group. Adherence was > 80% for 82/109 participants recruited. In this study we report intervention-related changes in plasma biomarkers and structural-MRI and how they (...) related to changes in physical activity and individual variables and their potential role as mediators in the cognitive changes. Our results show that although there were no significant changes in molecular biomarker concentrations in any intervention group, changes in ICAM-1 and SDF1-α were negatively associated with changes in physical activity outcomes in AE and COMB groups. Brain volume changes were found in the CCT showing a significant increase in precuneus volume. Sex moderated the brain volume change in the AE and COMB groups, suggesting that men may benefit more than women. Changes in molecular biomarkers and brain volumes did not significantly mediate the cognitive-related benefits found previously for any group. This study shows crucial initial molecular and brain volume changes related to lifestyle interventions at early stages and highlights the value of examining activity parameters, individual difference characteristics and using a multi-level analysis approach to address these questions. (shrink)

Au XVIIème siècle, c’est la découverte du principe d’inertie, un concept purement physique, qui permit de débloquer la théorisation du mouvement, en panne depuis Aristote. La plupart des philosophes et historiens des sciences caractérisent le tournant de la « science moderne » par sa mathématisation, arguant, comme Koyré, que le principe d’inertie découlerait de cette dernière, ou bien, comme Duhem, qu’il était déjà contenu dans l’impetus médiéval, ou encore, comme, Husserl et Kojève, en s’abstenant d’en parler. Et pourtant, la mathématisation (...) de la physique était en marche depuis l’époque hellénistique. L’originalité de Galilée est d’avoir mathématisé non pas la nature, mais, via le principe d’inertie, le temps. (shrink)

Reflective capacity is integral to core healthcare professional practice competencies. Reflection plays a central role in teacher education as reflecting on teaching behaviours with critical analysis can potentially improve teaching practice. The humanities including narrative and the visual arts can serve as a valuable tool for fostering reflection. We conducted a multinational faculty development workshop aiming to enhance reflective capacity in medical educators by using a combination of abstract paintings and narratives. Twenty-three family physicians or physicians-in-training from 10 countries participated (...) in the workshop. Qualitative assessment of the workshop showed that the combined use of art and narrative was well received and perceived as contributing to the reflective exercise. Participants generally felt that viewing abstract paintings had facilitated a valuable mood transformation and prepared them emotionally for the reflective writing. Our analysis found that the following themes emerged from participants’ responses: narratives from different countries are similar; the use of art helped access feelings; viewing abstract paintings facilitated next steps; writing reflective narratives promoted examination of educational challenges, compassion for self and other, and building an action plan; and sharing of narrative was helpful for fostering active listening and appreciating multiple perspectives. Future research might include comparing outcomes for a group participating in arts–narrative-based workshops with those of a control group using only reflective narrative or in combination with figurative art, and implementing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of assessment. (shrink)