The predominant trends in the European prison system are population growth and overcrowding of correctional facilities. Recently, the level of criminal offences in Lithuania has been gradually increasing. Current statistics on repeated criminal offences and forecasts of recidivating crime are also pessimistic. The large number of convicts, the negative impact of isolation, the absence of a progressive correction system, the inadequacy of existing correctional measures, and the largely formal activity of penal institutions exacerbate the problems of ineffective resocialization of convicts (...) and resulting recidivism. Thus, the situation demands an examination of effective methods for the elimination of the above detriments. The article emphasizes the need for an essential modernization of the system of resocialization of convicts in Lithuania by transforming formal measures into real ones directed at the reform of behaviour and thinking. The article discusses new corrective measures widely used across the European Union and other countries, such as evaluation of individual risk for repeated criminal offence and implementation of appropriate behaviour-correction programmes on the basis of clearly defined criteria of effectiveness. Unfortunately such measures have not been implemented in Lithuania, either de jure or de facto. (shrink)