Kitaplar, bir fikrin ve düşüncenin veya zihniyetin taşıyıcıları olduğu kadar, üretildikleri bağlama dair de bilgiler sunan kalıntılardır. Bir eserin yazma versiyonları söz konusu olduğunda, her bir nüshanın ayrı bir özgünlük değeri bulunmaktadır. Yazıma konu olan metin belki ortaktır ama yazma nüshalar; çoğaltan kişi, çoğaltılan yer ve zaman, çoğaltmada kullanılan yazı şekli, kâğıt türü gibi unsurlar bakımından kendilerine özgü nitelikler taşımaktadır. Eserin yazıldığı bağlam hakkında ilk elden bilgilerin sunulduğu bu kısımlara yansıyan içerik, bazen eserin tüm muhtevasından bile daha önemli olabilmektedir. Bu (...) yüzden de bazen her biri ayrı bir tarih vesikasına dönüşebilmektedir. ʿAlī b. Ötemiş b. Süleymān isimli fakat ʿAlā-i Aḫlāṭī olarak maruf bir Hanefî âlim tarafından istinsah edilen mecmūʿa bu bakımdan oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Mecmūʿa içerisinde Hanefî geleneğe dair çeşitli eserler yer almaktadır; ancak bunlardan daha önemli olan bu eserlerin nasıl ve nerede istinsah edildiğine dair müstensihin ferağ kayıtlarında verdiği bilgilerdir. Bu bilgilere bakıldığında, müstensihin muhtemelen Buhara kökenli olduğu ve Anadolu’ya gelip Ahlat’ı vatan edindiği görülmektedir. Artık Anadolu’da yaşamasına karşın, bir sebeple büyük Moğol istilasına maruz kalmasından on bir yıl önce Buhara’ya tekrar gitmiş, buradaki ilim meclislerinde bulunmuş ve önemsediği bazı eserleri istinsah edip yanında Ahlat’a getirmiştir. Bu mecmūʿa ise zamanla Kastamonu’ya kadar gelmiştir. Bu yazıda, söz konusu mecmūʿa nın ferağ kayıtlarında geçen bilgilerden hareketle ʿAlā-i Aḫlāṭī’nin hayat hikayesi ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. (shrink)

This study aims to address the problems, obligations and value judgments that the modern individuals encounter while endeavoring to shape their own identities with the emergence of the new era in general. It examines the conflicts of the individuals within themselves, their senses of belonging, lifestyles, moral problems and the relationship between not only city and countryside but also tradition and modernity, one of the dichotomy in the modern era, in the context of Turkey in particular. More specifically, the study (...) emphasizes extreme individualism, the trivialization of traditional values owing to modernity, the loss of sense of belonging as a result of a shift to a consumption-oriented lifestyle as well as individuals’ sense of conscience and morality. In this sense, the issue of morality might be construed as the focal point of the present study. In the modern communication era, cinema has played a pivotal role in reflecting the realities of life. Therefore, film-oriented social life studies are particularly important. In this study, the effects of fundamental changes and transformations in Turkey, and the issues in the realms of social life, education, religion, profession and family in the modern era are examined through the film ‘The Wild Pear Tree’. The script of the film is written on the story of Akın Aksu, who is the son of Nuri Bilge Ceylan's uncle and one of the screenwriters. Nuri Bilge Ceylan deals with human nature and social problems in depth in his films. He attempts to depict the reality in his films directly by portraying many aspects and details of it. Ceylan's films could be delineated as critical films including meta-fiction. The Wild Pear Tree is one of his long winded works in which he displays the consumer society, the capitalist lifestyle and its reflections on the individual with satire and subtle irony. The film was analyzed in terms of Sinan's relationships with the characters he encountered during his search for himself. The findings of the study indicates that Nuri Bilge Ceylan addressed not only the traces of modernity, but also the problems of post-modernity boldly and presents his criticisms clearly through dialogues. The film was shot in the post-modern period and touches on the social problems of Turkey as well as the problems of the era. The individual’s dragging into an unconnected, discontinuous and fragmented way of life during his search for his ‘self’ with modernity has led to identity crises. Even though this situation is personal, it also highlights the intervention in social memory. Although the traces of the transition from the countryside to the city became blurred over time, the duality of tradition and modernity has stood out. In the study, the changes in the family and society along with the individual change were examined. The necessity of the rapid life increasing with modernity and the depressions caused by the sense of being out of date were also discussed. It has become evident in the last century that the individual feels stuck, lonely, and unstable in his behavior. Within this framework, the loneliness of Sinan, the main character and his being stuck between not only the country and the city but also his dreams and living conditions in the Wild Pear Tree started with his escaping from the country and resulted in his finding his ‘self’ in the country. A perspective of continuity in change is seen in the character Sinan, who escaped from his own reality and returned to the countryside where his father lived. (shrink)